A safety assessment framework for the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) system

Ali, Busyairah Syd; Ochieng, Washington Yotto; Schuster, W.; Majumdar, Arnab; Chiew, Thiam Kian

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.04.011

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As one of the fundamental components of modern navigation systems, much research has been done and is still ongoing with respect to different aspects of ADS-B. This includes, but is not limited to, security and verification of messages [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] experimental attack analysis [17][18][19][20], data quality analysis [21][22][23][24][25], safety assessment [26,27], flight testing [21,28,29], etc. ADS-B security protocols have been a topic of many studies during the system evolution.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Data

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An analysis of the performance of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data received from the Grand Forks, North Dakota International Airport was carried out in this study. The purpose was to understand the vulnerabilities of the universal access transceiver (UAT) ADS-B system and recognize the effects on present and future air traffic control (ATC) operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated all the general aviation aircraft to be equipped with ADS-B. The aircraft flying within United States and below the transition altitude (18,000 feet) are more likely to install a UAT ADS-B. At present, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and autonomous air traffic control (ATC) towers are being integrated into the aviation industry and UAT ADS-B is a basic sensor for both class 1 and class 2 detect-and-avoid (DAA) systems. As a fundamental component of future surveillance systems, the anomalies and vulnerabilities of the ADS-B system need to be identified to enable a fully-utilized airspace with enhanced situational awareness. The data received was archived in GDL-90 format, which was parsed into readable data. The anomaly detection of ADS-B messages was based on the FAA ADS-B performance assessment report. The data investigation revealed ADS-B message suffered from different anomalies including dropout, missing payload, data jump, low confidence data, and altitude discrepancy. Among those studied, the most severe was dropout and 32.49% of messages suffered from this anomaly. Dropout is an incident where ADS-B failed to update within a specified rate. Considering the potential danger being imposed, an in-depth analysis was carried out to characterize message dropout. Three flight parameters were selected to investigate their effect on dropout. Statistical analysis was carried out and the Friedman Statistical Test identified that altitude affected dropout more than any other flight parameter.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Data

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“…As one of the fundamental components of NextGen, significant studies are ongoing on various aspects of ADS-B. This includes, but is not limited to, security and verification of messages [17][18][19], experimental attack analysis [20][21][22][23][24][25], safety assessment [26][27][28], etc. A handful of studies were found on 1090ES ADS-B data assessment [8,10,12] describing the data integrity, accuracy, error detected, and potential risk.…”

Section: Background Of Ads-b Message Drop-out and Uas Well Clearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A handful of studies were found on 1090ES ADS-B data assessment [8,10,12] describing the data integrity, accuracy, error detected, and potential risk. Busyairah et al evaluate ADS-B messages collected from London Terminal Area Ground Receiver and describes an assessment framework [26]. This framework provides an outline for evaluating 1090ES ADS-B data performance.…”

Section: Background Of Ads-b Message Drop-out and Uas Well Clearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This framework provides an outline for evaluating 1090ES ADS-B data performance. This involves comparing onboard GPS data collected from British Airways with received ADS-B data from a ground station [26]. This study showed that ADS-B message failed to update within a specified interval and also revealed that it failed to assign the correct navigation integrity category (NIC) and navigation accuracy category for position (NACp) values.…”

Section: Background Of Ads-b Message Drop-out and Uas Well Clearmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Effect of ADS-B Message Drop-Out in Detect and Avoid of Unmanned Aircraft System Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Safety

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This work analyzes the severity and risk associated with automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) message drop-out in detect and avoid (DAA) function of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Performance assessment of the universal access transceiver (UAT) ADS-B message implies that, in some cases, ADS-B fails to update within a specified update interval, which is referred to as ‘drop-out’ in this work. ADS-B is a fundamental surveillance sensor for both class 1 and class 2 DAA systems. Message loss or drop-out has been found as one of the common limitations of the ADS-B system. The key feature of this study is incorporating the update rate of real ADS-B data transmitted from the manned aircraft. The data were received from the Grand Forks International Airport, North Dakota. Monte Carlo method has been adopted to resolve encounter scenarios in the presence of drop-out. The change in the alert triggered by the UAS DAA in the presence of ADS-B drop-out has been investigated. Furthermore, the risk matrices are created to quantify the associated risk with drop-out affected alerts. Simulation results depict that both the duration of drop-out and DAA look-ahead time affect the alert-triggering function of UAS. With a small look-ahead window and longer duration of drop-out, the number of warning alerts increases. Also, alerts are affected more during an overtaking encounter than that of a head-to-head encounter. A system-level analysis is also carried out to recognize the potential reasons behind the ADS-B drop-out.

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“…Literature review on the relation between the complexity of the task and the operator's reliability can be found in [7]. Many authors suggest a quantitative approach to the analysis and assessment of safety and security of both the whole air transport system and its elements [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Netjasov and Janic [18] presented an interesting overview of risk and safety analysis methods in civil aviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Errors in Visualization Systems on the Level of Safety Threat in Air Traffic

Ferduła

Skorupski

2018

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Air traffic management is carried out by air traffic controllers assisted by complex technical systems that provide them with visualization of the traffic situation. In practice, visualization systems errors sometimes occur. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of errors of different types on the safety of the air traffic. The assessment of the threat level is influenced by subjective factors and cannot be expressed precisely. Therefore, the fuzzy reasoning theory has been used. The developed fuzzy model has been used to obtain a tool for simulation of the impact of various factors on traffic safety assessment. The results obtained indicate that the most important determinants of safety are the time when the air traffic controller remains unaware of the breakdown and the total time he/she does not have full knowledge of the traffic situation. It has been found that the key role for the proper operation of the air traffic visualization system and the restoration of full situational awareness is played by self-diagnostic systems that can restore the system's correct functioning without even the controller being aware of the error occurrence. Their role in ensuring safety might be even greater than redundancy which is commonly used.

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A safety assessment framework for the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) system

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Assessing the Effect of ADS-B Message Drop-Out in Detect and Avoid of Unmanned Aircraft System Using Monte Carlo Simulation

The Influence of Errors in Visualization Systems on the Level of Safety Threat in Air Traffic

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