A scale and aerosol aware stochastic convective parameterization for weather and air quality modeling

Grell, Georg; Freitas, Saulo R.

doi:10.5194/acp-14-5233-2014

Cited by 892 publications

(594 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The time step is 180 s for advection and physics calculation. The physics schemes in the simulations include Morrison (two moments) microphysics scheme (Morrison et al, 2009), Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for GCMs (RRTMG) longwave and shortwave radiation schemes (Mlawer et al, 1997;Iacono et al, 2008), Unified Noah land-surface scheme (Tewari et al, 2004), and Grell-Freitas ensemble cumulus scheme (Grell and Freitas, 2014). The initial and boundary meteorological conditions are taken from the US National Center for Environment Prediction FiNaL (NCEP-FNL) reanalysis data (National Centers for Environmental Prediction, 2000), which have a spatial resolution of 1 • and a temporal resolution of 6 h. Sea surface temperatures are updated every 6 h in NCEP-FNL.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Lee

Iraqui

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Severe haze events in Southeast Asia caused by particulate pollution have become more intense and frequent in recent years. Widespread biomass burning occurrences and particulate pollutants from human activities other than biomass burning play important roles in degrading air quality in Southeast Asia. In this study, numerical simulations have been conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a chemistry component (WRF-Chem) to quantitatively examine the contributions of aerosols emitted from fire (i.e., biomass burning) versus nonfire (including fossil fuel combustion, and road dust, etc.) sources to the degradation of air quality and visibility over Southeast Asia. These simulations cover a time period from 2002 to 2008 and are driven by emissions from (a) fossil fuel burning only, (b) biomass burning only, and (c) both fossil fuel and biomass burning. The model results reveal that 39 % of observed low-visibility days (LVDs) can be explained by either fossil fuel burning or biomass burning emissions alone, a further 20 % by fossil fuel burning alone, a further 8 % by biomass burning alone, and a further 5 % by a combination of fossil fuel burning and biomass burning. Analysis of an 24 h PM 2.5 air quality index (AQI) indicates that the case with coexisting fire and non-fire PM 2.5 can substantially increase the chance of AQI being in the moderate or unhealthy pollution level from 23 to 34 %. The premature mortality in major Southeast Asian cities due to degradation of air quality by particulate pollutants is estimated to increase from ∼ 4110 per year in 2002 to ∼ 6540 per year in 2008. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of certain missing non-fire anthropogenic aerosol sources including anthropogenic fugitive and industrial dusts in causing urban air quality degradation. An experiment of using machine learning algorithms to forecast the occurrence of haze events in Singapore is also explored in this study. All of these results suggest that besides minimizing biomass burning activities, an effective air pollution mitigation policy for Southeast Asia needs to consider controlling emissions from non-fire anthropogenic sources.

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Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Lee

Iraqui

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The WRF configuration included the treatment of Lin et al (1983) for cloud microphysics, MM5 for surface layer (Grell et al, 1994), Noah for land surface (Chen et al, 1997), Yonsei University for boundary layer (Hong et al, 2006), Goddard for short-wave radiation (Chou and Suarez, 1999), the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for long-wave radiation (Mlawer et al, 1997), and Grell and Freitas (2014) for cumulus clouds. The modeling approach with these parametrizations has been studied (Ying et al, 2009;Misenis and Zhang, 2010;Gupta and Mohan, 2015), showing adequate sensitivity to capture the effects of a changing emissions inventory.…”

Section: Wrf-chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. How a changing energy matrix for electricity production affects air quality is considered for an urban region in a tropical, forested environment. Manaus, the largest city in the central Amazon Basin of Brazil, is in the process of changing its energy matrix for electricity production from fuel oil and diesel to natural gas over an approximately 10-year period, with a minor contribution by hydropower. Three scenarios of urban air quality, specifically afternoon ozone concentrations, were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model. The first scenario used fuel oil and diesel for electricity production, which was the reality in 2008. The second scenario was based on the fuel mix from 2014, the most current year for which data were available. The third scenario considered nearly complete use of natural gas for electricity production, which is the anticipated future, possibly for 2018. For each case, inventories of anthropogenic emissions were based on electricity generation, refinery operations, and transportation. Transportation and refinery operations were held constant across the three scenarios to focus on effects of power plant fuel switching in a tropical context. The simulated NO x and CO emissions for the urban region decrease by 89 and 55 %, respectively, after the complete change in the energy matrix. The results of the simulations indicate that a change to natural gas significantly decreases maximum afternoon ozone concentrations over the population center, reducing ozone by > 70 % for the most polluted days. The sensitivity of ozone concentrations to the fuel switchover is consistent with a NO xlimited regime, as expected for a tropical forest having high emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, high water vapor concentrations, and abundant solar radiation. There are key differences in a shifting energy matrix in a tropical, forested environment compared to other world environments. Policies favoring the burning of natural gas in place of fuel oil and diesel have great potential for ozone reduction and improved air quality for growing urban regions located in tropical, forested environments around the world.

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“…Water vapor and cloud liquid mixing ratios are diagnosed from the prognostic variables using the saturation mixing ratio of liquid water. The deep and shallow cumulus convection schemes are based on the mass-flux approach and described in Grell and Freitas (2014).…”

Section: Biosphere Model: the Joint Uk Land Environment Simulator (Jumentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Every year, a dense smoke haze covers a large portion of South America originating from fires in the Amazon Basin and central parts of Brazil during the dry biomass burning season between August and October. Over a large portion of South America, the average aerosol optical depth at 550 nm exceeds 1.0 during the fire season, while the background value during the rainy season is below 0.2. Biomass burning aerosol particles increase scattering and absorption of the incident solar radiation. The regional-scale aerosol layer reduces the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, cools the near-surface air, and increases the diffuse radiation fraction over a large disturbed area of the Amazon rainforest. These factors affect the energy and CO 2 fluxes at the surface. In this work, we applied a fully integrated atmospheric model to assess the impact of biomass burning aerosols in CO 2 fluxes in the Amazon region during 2010. We address the effects of the attenuation of global solar radiation and the enhancement of the diffuse solar radiation flux inside the vegetation canopy. Our results indicate that biomass burning aerosols led to increases of about 27 % in the gross primary productivity of Amazonia and 10 % in plant respiration as well as a decline in soil respiration of 3 %. Consequently, in our model Amazonia became a net carbon sink; net ecosystem exchange during September 2010 dropped from +101 to −104 TgC when the aerosol effects are considered, mainly due to the aerosol diffuse radiation effect. For the forest biome, our results point to a dominance of the diffuse radiation effect on CO 2 fluxes, reaching a balancePublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 14786 D. S. Moreira et al.: Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols of 50-50 % between the diffuse and direct aerosol effects for high aerosol loads. For C3 grasses and savanna (cerrado), as expected, the contribution of the diffuse radiation effect is much lower, tending to zero with the increase in aerosol load. Taking all biomes together, our model shows the Amazon during the dry season, in the presence of high biomass burning aerosol loads, changing from being a source to being a sink of CO 2 to the atmosphere.

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A scale and aerosol aware stochastic convective parameterization for weather and air quality modeling

Cited by 892 publications

References 40 publications

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Impacts of air pollutants from fire and non-fire emissions on the regional air quality in Southeast Asia

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

Modeling the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols on carbon fluxes in the Amazon region

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