A search for Clostridium difficile ribotypes 027 and 078 in Brazil

Monteiro, Alexandre; Pires, Renata N.; Persson, Søren; Filho, Édison Moraes Rodrigues; Pasqualotto, Alessandro C.

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2014.08.004

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, typical clade 5 strains (RT078 and RT126) were detected in two patients (2.7%) but corresponded to more than 60% of the animal isolates in the present study. These results corroborate those of previous studies that failed to detect RT078 in humans in Brazil, whereas both RT078 and 126 have been already reported in several animal species, including swine, horses, and rodents [8,10,13,82,83]. This finding contrasts with reports in European countries and in North America, where RT078 seems to be common in both humans and animals [84,85].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Studies suggest that RT027 and RT078 are extremely rare in humans in Brazil [8][9][10]. The absence or rare isolation of both RT027 and RT078 contrasts with reports in North America and most European countries but is consistent with previous studies reported in China that have suggested the emergence of other potentially epidemic genotypes of C. difficile, including strains from clade 3 [11].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is an evolving global healthcare problem, and owing to the diverse and dynamic molecular epidemiology of C. difficile, new strains continue to emerge. In Brazil, only two cases of CDI due to the so called hypervirulent PCR ribotype (RT) 027 belonging to clade 2 have ever been reported, whereas incidence of CDI due to another “hypervirulent” RT078 (clade 5) has not yet been reported. In contrast, novel clade 2 strains have been identified in different hospitals. To better understand the epidemiology of CDIs in Brazil, this study aimed to genotypically and phenotypically characterize three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains (RT883, 884, and 885) isolated from patients with confirmed CDI. In addition, to better understand the circulating RTs, a two-year sampling was conducted in patients from the same hospital and in several domestic and wild animal species. The three strains examined showed lower production of A/B toxins than the control RT027, although two of these strains harbored a truncated tcdC gene. All strains showed swimming motility similar to that of RT027, while RT883 showed higher spore production than the reference strain. In the in vivo hamster model, the lethality of all strains was found to be similar to that of RT027. Both cgMLST and cgMLSA analyses revealed a high genetic similarity among the three-novel clade 2 isolates. In the two-year survey in animals and humans, RT883, 884, and 885 were not detected; however, three new RTs (RT988, RT989, and RT990) were isolated, two of which were genetically related to the three previously reported clade 2 strains. RT106 and RT126 were most frequently detected in humans (47.9%) and animals (57.9%), respectively. Furthermore, RT027 and RT078 were not detected in humans. The results of this study suggest that these novel clade 2 strains have virulence potential and that new strains from clade 2 continue to emerge in our setting, indicating the need for long-term local surveillance.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…In Latin America, some CDI cases have documented and the NAP1/027 ribotype was reported in Costa Rica, Panama, México, Chile and Colombia [ 14 – 19 ]. Other ribotypes including 014, 106, 010, 020, 133 and 233 have been registered in Brazil, but 027/078 have not yet been detected [ 20 – 22 ]. Although, ribotye NAP1/027 has been reported in Colombia [ 23 ], the diversity of circulating genotypes remains to be described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, microbiological and clinical characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from tertiary care hospitals in Colombia

et al. 2017

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In Colombia, the epidemiology and circulating genotypes of Clostridium difficile have not yet been described. Therefore, we molecularly characterized clinical isolates of C.difficile from patients with suspicion of C.difficile infection (CDI) in three tertiary care hospitals. C.difficile was isolated from stool samples by culture, the presence of A/B toxins were detected by enzyme immunoassay, cytotoxicity was tested by cell culture and the antimicrobial susceptibility determined. After DNA extraction, tcdA, tcdB and binary toxin (CDTa/CDTb) genes were detected by PCR, and PCR-ribotyping performed. From a total of 913 stool samples collected during 2013–2014, 775 were included in the study. The frequency of A/B toxins-positive samples was 9.7% (75/775). A total of 143 isolates of C.difficile were recovered from culture, 110 (76.9%) produced cytotoxic effect in cell culture, 100 (69.9%) were tcdA+/tcdB+, 11 (7.7%) tcdA-/tcdB+, 32 (22.4%) tcdA-/tcdB- and 25 (17.5%) CDTa+/CDTb+. From 37 ribotypes identified, ribotypes 591 (20%), 106 (9%) and 002 (7.9%) were the most prevalent; only one isolate corresponded to ribotype 027, four to ribotype 078 and four were new ribotypes (794,795, 804,805). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, while 85% and 7.7% were resistant to clindamycin and moxifloxacin, respectively. By multivariate analysis, significant risk factors associated to CDI were, staying in orthopedic service, exposure to third-generation cephalosporins and staying in an ICU before CDI symptoms; moreover, steroids showed to be a protector factor. These results revealed new C. difficile ribotypes and a high diversity profile circulating in Colombia different from those reported in America and European countries.

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Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile isolates from a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil

et al. 2019

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A search for Clostridium difficile ribotypes 027 and 078 in Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil

Characterization of the virulence of three novel clade 2 Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile strains and a two-year screening in animals and humans in Brazil

Molecular, microbiological and clinical characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from tertiary care hospitals in Colombia

Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile isolates from a university hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil

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