A secure and energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocol with void avoidance for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Abstract

Recently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have gained wide attention due to their numerous applications in underwater surveillance, oil leakage detection, assisted navigation, and disaster prevention. With unique characteristics like increased propagation delay, constant mobility of sensor nodes, high error rate, and limitations in energy and interference, efficient routing of data packets from the source node to the destination is a major challenge in UASNs. Most of the protocols proposed for traditional sensor networks do not work well in UASNs. Although many protocols have been specifically proposed for underwater environments, the aim of most of them is to improve only the quality of service (QoS) in the network. The security of the transmitted data, energy efficiency of the participating nodes, and handling of communication voids are three significant challenges that need to be adequately addressed in UASNs.In this research work, a secure and energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocol with void avoidance (SEEORVA) is proposed. This protocol uses the latest opportunistic routing strategy for reliable data delivery in the network and also provides priority to the nodes having energy above a specific threshold in the forwarding process, thereby increasing the lifetime and energy efficiency in the network. The transmitted messages are encrypted using a secure lightweight encryption technique. The protocol is also integrated with a strategy to handle the communication voids in the network.Simulation results with Aqua-Sim validate the better performance of the proposed system compared to the existing ones.

Void Avoiding Opportunistic Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

“…A secure and energy-efficient opportunistic routing protocol with void avoidance for underwater acoustic sensor networks, (SEEORVA) was presented in [ 58 ]. This protocol employs the OR strategy for reliable data delivery in UWSNs and uses energy thresholds in the forwarding process to give a priority to the forwarding nodes, which have energy above that particular threshold; in that way, energy efficiency and expanding network lifetime can be achieved.…”

“…In Table 1 , we can see that the existing void avoiding OR protocols for UWSNs are classified into two main classifications: geographic-based and pressure-based. In the first category, geographic-based, which includes [ 44 , 45 , 48 , 57 , 58 ], selecting the forwarding set candidates and making the forwarding packet decisions in OR requires information about the geographic position of sensor nodes. While in the pressure-based category, which includes [ 43 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 59 ], the depth information of nodes is needed to select forwarding set candidates and make forwarding packet decisions.…”

IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

“…Menon et al proposed SEEORVA, an energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks that uses opportunistic routing strategy lightweight encryption method for secure and reliable data transmission [20]. Their proposed method prioritizes the nodes having residual energy above the defined threshold value for data forwarding and thus increasing the network's lifetime.…”