A seedless approach to continuous flow synthesis of gold nanorods

Bullen, Craig; Latter, Melissa J.; D'Alonzo, Nicholas J.; Willis, Glen J.; Raston, Colin L.

doi:10.1039/c0cc05175f

Cited by 30 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition to spherical nanoparticles, anisotropic metal nanocrystals such as nanorods have been syn thesized using microfluidics [39][40][41]. As one of the early works, Boleininger et al [39] presented a continuous flow synthesis of gold and silver nanorods with specific shapes.…”

Section: Polymer Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fewer seeds generate particles of higher aspect ratio and also a higher growth temperature produced smaller aspect ratio (fatter rods) ( Figure 6). Bullen et al [40] presented a direct seedless approach to synthesize gold nanorods in continuous microfluidic. Two different solutions (HAuCl 4 /CTAB/acetylacetone and AgNO 3 /CTAB/carbonate buffer) at room temperature are introduced to a rotating tube processor followed by a narrow channel processing microfluid.…”

Section: Polymer Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pictorial representation of (A) continuous flow setup, (B) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of gold nanorods. Reproduced, with permission, from The Royal Society of Chemistry[40].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in organic synthesis

Shahbazali

Hessel

Noël

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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This paper reviews recent developments on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles in micro and milli fluidic devices and their catalytic application in organic flow synthesis. A variety of synthesis methods using microfluidics is presented for gold, silver, palladium, platinum, and copper nanoparticles, including the for mation in singlephase flows and multiphase flows. In the field of organic chemistry, metal nanoparticles can be used as catalysts. This can lead to remarkably improved reaction performance in terms of minimizing the reaction time and higher yields. In this context, various applica tions of those metal nanoparticles as catalysts in micro fluidic devices are highlighted at selected examples. As a new direction and operational window, nanocatalysts may be synthesized in situ in flow and directly utilized in an organic synthesis. This allows making use of highly active, yet instable catalyst species, which may only have a very short life of a few seconds -a type of flashed nano catalyst organic synthesis.

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Section: Polymer Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Moleculementioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in organic synthesis

Shahbazali

Hessel

Noël

et al. 2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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“…In addition, the surface of the nanorods can be functionalized by a very wide variety of molecules. This has led to interest in their use as selective biomarkers in biodiagnostics or for selective targeting in photothermal therapeutics [46,47,52,53]. Typical gold nanorods are 30-50 nm long and 5-10 nm wide.…”

Section: Au Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since preformed seeds for GNRs are not stable over a period of several hours, only freshly prepared seeds can serve as reliable core materials for their growth into monodisperse GNRs. In this way, Bullen et al modified this synthesis by employing a sequentially rotating tube processor (RTP) connected to a microfluidic chip to perform sequential operations of seed formation and growth of seeds into GNRs (Figure 10) [53]. A stable continuous operation for 19 days was demonstrated, which would be hampered had they used presynthesized seeds.…”

Section: Au Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microreactors for Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis: From Faraday to Flow

Rahman

Rebrov

2014

Processes

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Abstract:The seminal work of Michael Faraday in 1850s transmuted the "Alchemy of gold" into a fascinating scientific endeavor over the millennia, particularly in the past half century. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) arguably hold the central position of nanosciences due to their intriguing size-and-shape dependent physicochemical properties, non-toxicity, and ease of functionalization and potential for wide range of applications. The core chemistry involved in the syntheses is essentially not very different from what Michael Faraday resorted to: transforming ions into metallic gold using mild reducing agents. However, the process of such reduction and outcome (shapes and sizes) are intricately dependent on basic operational parameters such as sequence of addition and efficiency of mixing of the reagents. Hence, irreproducibility in synthesis and maintaining batch-to-batch quality are major obstacles in this seemingly straightforward process, which poses challenges in scaling-up. Microreactors, by the virtue of excellent control over reagent mixing in space and time within narrow channel networks, opened a new horizon of possibilities to tackle such problems to produce GNPs in more reliable, reproducible and scalable ways. In this review, we will delineate the state-of-the-art of GNPs synthesis using microreactors and will discuss in length how such "flask-to-chip" paradigm shift may revolutionize the very concept of nanosyntheses.

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Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications

2012

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Gold nanorods have received much attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties which are dependent on their shape, size, and aspect ratio. This article covers in detail the synthesis, functionalization, selfassembly, and sensing applications of gold nanorods. The synthesis of three major types of rods is discussed: single-crystalline and pentahedrally-twinned rods, which are synthesized by wet chemistry methods, and polycrystalline rods, which are synthesized by templated deposition. Functionalization of these rods is usually necessary for their applications, but can often be problematic due to their surfactant coating. Thus, general strategies are provided for the covalent and noncovalent functionalization of gold nanorods. The review will then examine the signifi cant progress that has been made in controllable assembly of nanorods into various arrangements. This assembly can have a large effect on measurable properties of rods, making it particularly applicable towards sensing of a variety of analytes. Other types of sensing not dependent on nanorod assembly, such as refractive-index based sensing, are also discussed.Adv.

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A seedless approach to continuous flow synthesis of gold nanorods

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in organic synthesis

Metallic nanoparticles made in flow and their catalytic applications in organic synthesis

Microreactors for Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis: From Faraday to Flow

Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Sensing Applications

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