A semi-micro dry-block and automated analyser technique suitable for determining protein nitrogen in plant material

Starr, Carol; Smith, D. B.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600060020

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…aestivumL.) cultivars, HY320 (DePauw et al 1987) with high yield and low grain protein concentration and Neepawa (Campbell 1970) (Starr and Smith 1978) and total P using the indophenol procedure (Varley 1966 and 1986 due to reduction of grain production relative to pre-anthesis biomass production. Spiertz and Ellen (1978), while Tipples (1980) In a growth chamber study Campbell et al (198i) reported that an uu".ug"^of 60% of total N was assimilated by anthesis, a value somewhat lower than the averase 8l % found in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake, Translocation, and Utilization Efficiency of Wheat in Relation to Environment and Cultivar Yield and Protein Levels

Clarke¹,

Campbell²,

Cutforth³

et al. 1990

Can. J. Plant Sci.

131

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. 1990. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, translocation, and utilization efficiency of wheat in relation to environment and cultivar yield and protein levels. Can. J. Plant Sci. 70: 965-9'7'7 . A field study was carried out in four environments to determine the effects of available water and cultivar on N and P uptake, translocation, and utilization efficiency of wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars with varying grain yield potential and protein concentration.Two common wheat (Z aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and HY320, and two durum (7. turgidumL. var. durum) cultivars, DT367 and Wakooma, were studied. HY320 and DT367 had highel grain yield potentials and lower protein concentrations than Neepawa and Wakooma. Total plant N and P uptake was proportional to available water, and was strongly associated with dry matter accumulation. From 6'7 to 102% of plant N and 64-1 00 % of P present at harvest had been accumulated by anthesis. Postanthesis uptake of N and P was greater under moist than under dry environments. There were few cultivar difTerences in uptake ofN or P, and any differences observed were related to variations in plant dry matter. Nitrogen harvest index ranged from 71 to 85% and P harvest index ranged from 8l to 93%. Both indices responded to environment in the same way as grain harvest index; there were no cultivar differences for either N or P harvest index. From 59 to 79% of N and 75 to 87% of P present in vegetative tissues at anthesis was translocated to the grain; translocation did not vary among cultivars. The efTiciency of utilization of N and P in production of harvest biomass and grain was directly proportional to water availability and was greater in the high yield cultivars HY320 and DT367 than in Neepawa and Wakooma. There was no evidence that selection for N uptake, translocation. or utilization efficiency would be useful in wheat breeding.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake, Translocation, and Utilization Efficiency of Wheat in Relation to Environment and Cultivar Yield and Protein Levels

Clarke¹,

Campbell²,

Cutforth³

et al. 1990

Can. J. Plant Sci.

131

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“…Small areas, 2.32 m 2 , were hand harvested on each cropped plot to determine straw and grain weight and their N concentrations. The grain and straw were dried to 708C, ground and analyzed for Kjedahl N (Starr and Smith 1978).…”

Section: Forty-year Crop Rotation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization under summer fallow and continuous wheat in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Campbell¹,

Zentner²,

Basnyat³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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M. 2008. Nitrogen mineralization under summer fallow and continuous wheat in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Can. J. Soil Sci. 88: 681Á696. The ability of soils to provide a portion of the N required by crops via N mineralization of organic matter is of economic and environmental importance. Over a 40-yr period (1967Á2006), soil NO 3 -N and plant-N measurements were made under summer fallow and in systems cropped to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem (Aridic Haploboroll), at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. These values were used to estimate net N mineralization (N min ). Each year, above-ground plant N was measured at harvest and soil NO 3 -N was measured before seeding, soon after harvest, and just prior to freeze-up in October. Also, in the first 18 yr of this study NO 3 -N and aboveground plant N were measured eight times between spring and fall in selected treatments; these data were used to make a more detailed estimate of N min. In a third experiment, conducted on the same soil at a nearby site in 1975, many small lysimeters were sampled six times between spring and harvest of spring wheat. We used this lysimeter study to assess the effect of N fertilizer rate and soil water on net N min. Results from the more frequent sampling were more plausible than those from sampling at three different times per year. On average, net N min in the 20-mo summer fallow period was about 118 kg ha(1 (15 kg ha (1 between harvest and the first spring, 93 kg ha (1 between the first spring and second fall, and 10 kg ha(1 between the second fall and seeding). The average net N min under a wheat crop between spring and fall was between 53 and 63 kg ha (1 . Net N min increased with water, but excessive water appeared to reduce apparent net N min , probably due to leaching and denitrification losses of N, which were not assessed in our estimation of N min . Regression analysis was used to show a positive association between net N min and precipitation, between spring and fall, for most of the systems examined. There was evidence that tillage promotes N mineralization. At normal rates of N fertilizer (i.e., B 100 kg ha(1 ), fertilizer had no effect on N min . Net N min was directly proportional to fallow frequency, averaging 68, 83, and 90 kg ha(1 yr (1 for continuous wheat, fallow-wheat-wheat, and fallow-wheat rotations, respectively. Although our results may only be applicable to medium-textured soils of similar organic matter content in the Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic soil zone, they provide data and information against which process-based models can be tested. They also provide useful first approximations of N min measured under field conditions where few long-term data currently exist.Key words: N mineralization, plant-N, fertilizer-N, crop rotation, irrigation, tillage Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Basnyat, P., DeJong, R., Lemke, R., Desjardins, R. et Reiter, M. 2008.Mine´ralisation de l'azote sur jache`re estivale et monoculture du ble´dans les prairies semi-arides du Canada...

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“…Small areas (2.32 m 2 ) were hand harvested in each plot to determine N concentrations in the grain and straw. After air drying the hand samples to a moisture content of about 6%, they were ground and analysed for N concentration (Starr and Smith 1978). The N content of the grain and straw were corrected to a constant 13.5% moisture basis.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate leaching in the semiarid prairie : Effect of cropping frequency, crop type, and fertilizer after 37 years

Campbell¹,

Selles²,

Zentner³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2006. Nitrate leaching in the semiarid prairie: Effect of cropping frequency, crop type, and fertilizer after 37 years. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 701-710. A high NO 3 concentration in drinking water can be a health hazard. Further, leached N represents an economic loss to the producer. Although NO 3 leaching to ground water would be minimal on the semiarid prairies, leaching can occur especially where frequent summer fallowing is practiced. We used a crop rotation study, initiated in 1967 on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem, at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, to determine the influences of fallow frequency, crop types, and fertilizer on nitrate leaching after 37 yr. Nitrate distribution was measured to 4.5 m depth by 0.3-m increments, in 10 cropping systems in fall 2003. We deduced that some NO 3 leached beyond the rooting depth (1.2 m) of spring wheat (Triticum aetivium L.), especially under a fallow-wheat rotation receiving N and P fertilizer. The amounts of NO 3 leached tended to be greater and to be located deeper in the soil profile as fallow frequency increased (e.g., fallow-wheat > fallow-wheat-wheat > continuous wheat, all receiving N and P fertilizer based on soil test). However, in this semiarid environment, NO 3 leaching was not great, being highest under fallow-wheat (N + P) (180 kg N ha -1 leached in 37 yr). In fallow-containing systems inadequate fertilizer N or P resulted in reduced crop growth and N uptake leading to a tendency for greater leaching of the NO 3 (about 145 kg N ha -1 in 37 yr) mineralized during the fallow period than when such a system received N and P based on soil tests (about 66 kg N ha -1 leached in 37 yr). In continuously cropped treatments there was little evidence of leaching. Replacing wheat grown on fallow with the shallow-rooted flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in a fallowwheat-wheat (N + P) rotation resulted in greater NO 3 leaching in the flax system (156 vs. 66 kg N ha -1 ) due to less N uptake by flax. In contrast, when the wheat grown on fallow was replaced with fall rye (Secale cereale L.) there was no leaching, perhaps because the fallow period was much shorter (12 mo compared with 20 mo for spring wheat) and also because the fall-seeded crop used soil NO 3 in the fall and early spring reducing opportunities for leaching.Key words: Wheat, flax, fall rye, lentil, cropping frequency Campbell, C. A., Seles, F., Zentner, R. P., De Jong, R., Lemke, R. et Hamel, C. 2006. Lixiviation des nitrates dans la région mi-aride des Prairies : incidence de la fréquence des cultures, du type de culture et des amendements après 37 ans. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 701-710. Une forte concentration de NO 3 dans l'eau potable peut être nocive. La lixiviation de l'azote constitue aussi une perte pour l'agriculteur. Bien que la lixiviation de NO 3 dans la nappe phréatique soit minime dans les prairies mi-arides, cette région n'est pas à l'abri du phénomène, en particulier là où la jachère d'été est monnaie courante. Les auteurs ont profité d'une étude sur l'assolement amorcée sur un tchernozio...

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A semi-micro dry-block and automated analyser technique suitable for determining protein nitrogen in plant material

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake, Translocation, and Utilization Efficiency of Wheat in Relation to Environment and Cultivar Yield and Protein Levels

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake, Translocation, and Utilization Efficiency of Wheat in Relation to Environment and Cultivar Yield and Protein Levels

Nitrogen mineralization under summer fallow and continuous wheat in the semiarid Canadian prairie

Nitrate leaching in the semiarid prairie : Effect of cropping frequency, crop type, and fertilizer after 37 years

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