A sequence of a plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits

Maeno, Fukashi; Nakada, Setsuya; Yoshimoto, Mitsuhiro; Shimano, Taketo; Hokanishi, Natsumi; Zaennudin, Akhmad; Iguchi, Masato

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.002

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Volcanoes that frequently erupted during historical time have generally been more studied, e.g. Merapi (Andreastuti et al, 2000;Gertisser and Keller, 2003;Jousset et al, 2013 and references therein), Krakatau (Self and Rampino, 1981;Rampino and Self, 1982;Camus et al, 1987;Dahren et al, 2012), Kelut (Zen and Hadikusumo, 1965;Bourdier et al, 2002;Jeffery et al, 2013;Kristiansen et al, 2015;Maeno et al, 2017), Agung (Rampino and Self, 1982;Self and Rampino, 2012;Fontijn et al, 2015), Taal (Delos Reyes et al, 2018 and references therein), or Mayon (Moore and Melson, 1969;Newhall, 1979;Castillo and Newhall, 2004). People remember large eruptions well for decades to centuries, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers

Maisonneuve

Bergal‐Kuvikas

2019

J Quaternary Science

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We review the current knowledge about Southeast Asian volcanoes and their eruption histories, and focus on identifying tephrochronologic markers representing major explosive eruptions in order to further future palaeoclimate and volcanological studies. Forty-one volcanic edifices in Southeast Asia have been classified as large calderas by Whelley et al. (2015) and thus have, or are likely to have, produced large explosive eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 6-8. Unfortunately, only 20 such eruptions have known ages, spanning from 1.2 Ma to 1991 AD, and fewer have geochemical data that can be used for tephrostratigraphic correlations. Volcanic products from different geodynamic regions and different sources can generally be distinguished on major element plots (e.g. K 2 O versus CaO) of matrix glass composition. However, the distinction of multiple eruptions from the same source often requires additional data such as trace element compositions of matrix glass and/or mineral compositions. Biotite, but also magnetite compositions (MgO and TiO 2 content in particular) appear to be very discriminating. Up to nine tuffs in addition to the three to four Toba tuffs can be utilised as widespread tephrochronologic markers and span a range from 1.2 to 1.6 Ma to recent. As only a few Holocene major eruptions have been well characterised and dated, many large calderas are still unstudied, and many distal tephra layers are still lacking a source, more tephrochronologic markers can certainly be defined in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers

Maisonneuve

Bergal‐Kuvikas

2019

J Quaternary Science

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“…For Scenario 1 (0.1‐km 3 eruption), the eruption rate of 1 × 10 7 kg/s means that it borders the threshold for umbrella cloud formation. Recent global eruptions in this size range include the 2014 Kelud eruption in Indonesia (Hargie et al, ; Maeno et al, ) and the 2015 Calbuco eruption in Chile (Van Eaton et al, ), which both produced umbrella clouds. For Calbuco, the umbrella cloud did spread upwind to a distance of ~50 km from satellite observations but left no obvious impact on the distribution of ashfall (Van Eaton et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Ash Dispersal From Future Eruptions of Taupo Supervolcano

Barker

Eaton

Mastin

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Hazard analysis at caldera volcanoes is challenging due to the wide range of eruptive and environmental conditions that can plausibly occur during renewed activity. Taupo volcano, New Zealand, is a frequently active and productive rhyolitic caldera volcano that has hosted the world's youngest known supereruption and numerous smaller explosive events. To assess ashfall hazard from future eruptions, we have simulated atmospheric ash dispersal using the Ash3d model. We consider five eruption scenarios spanning magma volumes of 0.1–500 km3 and investigate the main factors governing ash dispersal in modern atmospheric conditions. Our results are examined in the context of regional synoptic weather patterns (Kidson types) that provide a framework for assessing the variability of ashfall distribution in different wind fields. For the smallest eruptions (~0.1‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm are largely confined to the central North Island, with dispersal controlled by day‐to‐day weather and the dominance of westerly winds. With increasing eruptive volume (1–5‐km3 magma), ashfall thicknesses >1 cm would likely reach major population centers throughout the North Island. Dispersal is less dependent on weather patterns as the formation of a radially expanding umbrella cloud forces ash upwind or crosswind, although strong stratospheric winds significantly restrict umbrella spreading. For large eruptions (50–500‐km3 magma), powerful expansion of the umbrella cloud results in widespread ashfall at damaging thicknesses (>10 cm) across most of the North Island and top of the South Island. Synoptic climatology may prove a useful additional technique for long‐term hazard planning at caldera volcanoes.

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“…The eruption started at 22:45 local time (15:45 UTC) with the destruction of the 2007-08 dome, generating high-energy pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) toward the NE to a distance of ~7 km. The ballistic ejecta and PDCs destroyed all the local monitoring instruments (Goode et al, 2018;Maeno et al, 2016). This stage was associated with a brief infrasound signal followed by a weak seismic event indicating a small-scale eruption (Caudron et al, 2015).…”

Section: Eruptions and Unrest Since 1990mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second stage of the eruption occurred ~15 minutes later with the production of a sustained Plinian column reaching an altitude of 26 km, with most of the ash injected 16-17 km into the atmosphere (Kristiansen et al, 2015). This umbrella cloud spread over a large region, with the diameter spreading to 200 km in less than 2 hours (Maeno et al, 2016). Seismicity suggests that this Plinian stage lasted ~2 hours before the eruption column became unstable and later collapsed (Caudron et al, 2015).…”

Section: Eruptions and Unrest Since 1990mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seismicity suggests that this Plinian stage lasted ~2 hours before the eruption column became unstable and later collapsed (Caudron et al, 2015). The last stage of the eruption marked the end of the main Plinian phase, producing pumice-rich PDCs as the Plinian column collapsed (Maeno et al, 2016). The eruption waned in energy producing a lowaltitude plume affected by lower level SW winds, distributing fine ash across the villages northeast of the volcano.…”

Section: Eruptions and Unrest Since 1990mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explosive eruptions with little warning: Experimental petrology and geodetic observations from the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia

Cassidy¹,

Ebmeier²,

Helo³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Explosive eruptions that occur with little or no precursory unrest pose the greatest hazards from volcanoes to nearby populations. Here we focus on the pre-eruptive conditions for these explosive events, their triggers and how these eruptions evolve. An example of such an event is the 2014 explosive eruption of Kelud volcano, where we have conducted a set of petrological experiments to understand pre-eruptive storage conditions for several recent eruptions. For the 2014 event, we combine this with an analysis of InSAR measured deformation. Our data suggest that both explosive and effusive eruptions at Kelud are sourced from a magma storage system at 2-3 km. However, explosive eruptions are fed by magma stored under relatively cool (~1000° C) and water-saturated conditions, whereas effusive eruptions are fed by slightly hotter (~1050° C), water-undersaturated magmas. We propose that the initial phase of the 2014 eruption was triggered by volatile overpressure, which then fostered a top-down decompression consistent with InSAR observations of co-eruptive subsidence at depths >2 km. By compiling a global dataset of monitoring signatures of explosive eruptions, we show that the onset of unrest rarely indicates shallow ascent of magma, as ascent mostly occurs in a matter of hours or minutes. We relate the timescale of pre-eruptive unrest to eruption triggering mechanisms, with yearly/decadal periods of unrest relating to magma injection events (which may or may not precede a magmatic eruption), whereas internal triggering (e.g. volatile overpressure) of an already present, cooling magma body leads to explosive eruptions with little warning.

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A sequence of a plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits

Cited by 66 publications

References 44 publications

Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers

Timing, magnitude and geochemistry of major Southeast Asian volcanic eruptions: identifying tephrochronologic markers

Modeling Ash Dispersal From Future Eruptions of Taupo Supervolcano

Explosive eruptions with little warning: Experimental petrology and geodetic observations from the 2014 eruption of Kelud, Indonesia

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