A serological, retrospective study in reindeer on five different viruses

Rehbinder, Claes; Belák, Sándór; Nordkvist, M.

doi:10.7557/2.12.3.1044

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The high seroprevalence for alphaherpesvirus and pestivirus in all herds (with the exception of KA and AK) is in accord with most previous serological surveys for these viruses in Rangifer worldwide [49,68,75,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90]. Although the assays used in this study detected antibodies reacting against antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), they also cross-react with antibodies to cervid-specific viruses [91,92].…”

Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 88%

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

et al. 2019

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Pathogens can impact host survival, fecundity, and population dynamics even when no obvious disease is observed. Few baseline data on pathogen prevalence and diversity of caribou are available, which hampers our ability to track changes over time and evaluate impacts on caribou health. Archived blood samples collected from ten migratory caribou herds in Canada and two in Greenland were used to test for exposure to pathogens that have the potential to effect population productivity, are zoonotic or are emerging. Relationships between seroprevalence and individual, population, and other health parameters were also examined. For adult caribou, the highest overall seroprevalence was for alphaherpesvirus (49%, n = 722), pestivirus (49%, n = 572) and Neospora caninum (27%, n = 452). Lower seroprevalence was found for parainfluenza virus type 3 (9%, n = 708), Brucella suis (2%, n = 758), and Toxoplasma gondii (2%, n = 706). No animal tested positive for antibodies against West Nile virus (n = 418) or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (n = 417). This extensive multi-pathogen survey of migratory caribou herds provides evidence that caribou are exposed to pathogens that may have impacts on herd health and revealed potential interactions between pathogens as well as geographical differences in pathogen exposure that could be linked to the bio-geographical history of caribou. Caribou are a keystone species and the socioeconomic cornerstone of many indigenous cultures across the North. The results from this study highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogen diversity and the impact of pathogens on caribou health.

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Section: Alphaherpesvirus and Pestivirussupporting

confidence: 88%

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

et al. 2019

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“…In a previous serological investigation of reindeer in Finnmark, neutralizing pestivirus antibodies were detected in animals from 6 of 7 investigated herding districts, with a total seroprevalence of 17% (Stuen et al, 1993). Pestivirus antibodies have also been detected in reindeer in Finland (58%; Neuvonen et al, 1983) and Sweden (6%; Rehbinder et al, 1992), and in caribou (R. tarandus) in Canada (60%; Elazhary et al, 1979) and Alaska (3%; Zarnke, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evidence of parapox-, alphaherpes- and pestivirus infections in carcasses of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Finnmark, Norway

Tryland

Mørk

Ryeng

et al. 2005

Ran

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During March to May 2000, 48 carcasses of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) were collected on winter pastures and calving grounds from two herds in western Finnmark and two herds in eastern Finnmark, northern Norway. The animals were autopsied and blood and tissue samples were collected for serology (alphaherpes- and pestivirus; virus neutralization test) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR; parapoxvirus; B2L gene) investigations. Autopsy revealed that 39 of 48 animals (81%) had died of emaciation. Parapoxvirus-specific DNA was detected in samples from 6 of 48 animals (12.5%; liver, parotid salivary gland and/or pulmonary lymph nodes). A DNA sequence of 376 base pairs from a PCR amplicon obtained from a liver sample from one animal showed 98-99% identity with orf virus strain Orf-11 and reindeer parapoxvirus isolates from Norway and Finland (1992 and 1994), 92-93% similarity with pseudocowpoxvirus and 87% similarity with bovine papular stomatitis virus. Alphaherpes- and pestivirus antibodies were detected in 10% and 33% of the animals, respectively. These results indicates that parapoxvirus, presumably orf-virus, is present among reindeer also in Finnmark, although contagious ecthyma has never been reported in reindeer in this important reindeer herding area. Furthermore, they show that herpes- and pestiviruses are still endemic in reindeer herds in Finnmark. The nature of these viruses and their impact on reindeer health and reproduction and reindeer herding economy should be further addressed, as well as the possibility that these viruses may be transferred between reindeer and domestic animals in this region.

Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: I løpet av perioden mars-mai 2000 ble 48 reinsdyrkadavre (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) samlet inn fra vinterbeiter og kalvingsområder fra to flokker i Vest-Finnmark og to i Øst-Finnmark, Norge. Dyrene ble obdusert, og blod og vevsprøver ble samlet for påvisning av antistoffer mot alfaherpes- og pestivirus i blod(serologi) og tilstedeværelse av parapoxvirus-DNA i vev (Polymerase kjedereaksjon, PCR; parapoxvirus B2L genet). Obduksjonen viste at 39 av de 48 dyrene (81%) hadde dødd av avmagring. Parapoxvirus-spesifikt DNA ble funnet i prøver av lever, spyttkjertel (Gl. parotis) og/eller lungelymfeknuter fra 6 av de 48 dyrene (12,5%). En DNA sekvens på 376 basepar fra PCR-oppformeringsproduktet fra en leverprøve hadde 98-99% likhet med orf-virus (Orf-11) og parapoxvirus isolert fra reinsdyr i Norge og Finland (1992 og 1994), 92-93% likhet med pseudocowpoxvirus og 87% likhet med bovint papulær stomatittvirus, hvorav de to siste parapoxvirusartene er assosiert med storfé. Disse resultatene viser at også reinsdyr i Finnmark er infisert av parapoxvirus, til tross for at sykdommen munnskurv ikke ennå er rapportert hos rein i dette fylket. Alfaherpes- og pestivirus antistoffer ble funnet hos henholdsvis 10% og 33% av dyrene. Dette er i samsvar med tidligere funn ...

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“…Alphaherpesviruses serologically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) have been detected in a wide range of wildlife species and are also widely distributed in populations of semidomesticated reindeer in Norway (7,34), Sweden (24,27), and Finland (11), as well as in reindeer and caribou populations in North America (12). Recent viral characterization of isolates from Norway has shown that cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) is the alphaherpesvirus circulating in the reindeer populations (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cervid Herpesvirus 2, the Primary Agent in an Outbreak of Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Semidomesticated Reindeer

et al. 2009

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An outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) occurred in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Troms County, Norway, in February 2009. Twenty-eight animals with clinical symptoms and 12 apparently healthy animals were investigated. They ranged in age from calves of the year to 4-year-old animals (mean, 1.9 years; standard deviation, ؎0.9). The seroprevalence of antibodies against cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) was 86% in animals with IKC and 42% in unaffected animals. For the 28 clinically affected animals, CvHV2 was detected by PCR in swabs obtained from the eye (82%), nose (64%), and vagina (24%), and CvHV2 was isolated from eye swabs from 8 animals. Virus was not isolated from clinically unaffected animals but was detected by PCR in eye swab samples from five of them. The viral activity, assessed by the ability to cause a cytopathic effect in cell culture, increased with the severity of clinical symptoms, but in severe clinical cases, virus was absent and secondary bacterial infections were dominant. Moraxella sp. isolates were obtained from seven animals, and those from two animals were identified as Moraxella bovoculi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp., and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were also isolated. It is concluded that CvHV2, which is endemic in reindeer, can cause IKC, probably most commonly as a primary infection of calves. This can be a very painful and devastating disease of economic importance for reindeer herders. This is the first report of CvHV2 as the primary agent of IKC in reindeer. This is also the first isolation of this virus in reindeer under natural herding conditions.

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A serological, retrospective study in reindeer on five different viruses

Abstract: Serological investigations on different cervidae have indicated the presence of several viruses common in domestic ruminants (

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

Multi-pathogen serological survey of migratory caribou herds: A snapshot in time

Evidence of parapox-, alphaherpes- and pestivirus infections in carcasses of semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Finnmark, Norway

Cervid Herpesvirus 2, the Primary Agent in an Outbreak of Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Semidomesticated Reindeer

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