A Service-Oriented Architecture for Body Area NanoNetworks with Neuron-based Molecular Communication

Abstract

Molecular communication provides communication and networking capabilities for nanomachines such as biosensors and bio-actuators to form and enable Body Area NanoNetworks (BANNs). This paper considers neuronbased molecular communication, which utilizes natural neurons as a primary component to build BANNs, and proposes an end-to-end software architecture to manage and control neuron-based BANNs through a series of software services. Those services aid to realize end user applications in healthcare, such as biomedical and rehabilitation applications. In the proposed architecture, a neuron-based BANN consists of a set of nanomachines and a network of neurons that are artificially formed into a particular topology. This paper investigates two mechanisms in the proposed architecture: (1) an artificial assembly method to form neurons into specific three-dimensional topology patterns and (2) a communication protocol for neuronal signaling based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), called Neuronal TDMA. The assembly method uses silica beads as growth surface and bead-bead contacts as geometrical constraints on neuronal connectivity. A web lab experiment verifies this method with neuronal hippocampal cells. Neuronal TDMA leverages an evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm (EMOA) to optimize the signaling schedules for nanomachines. Simulation results demonstrate that the Neuronal TDMA efficiently obtains quality solutions.

Past Results, Present Trends, and Future Challenges in Intrabody Communication

“…In addition, the results presented in [212] focus on the design of appropriate stimuli to evoke the desired synaptic modifications in terms of strengthening and weakening. On the other hand, the authors of [213] proposed the use of natural neurons as elements of access to biosensors and bioactuators implanted at nanoscale.…”

Synaptic Communication Engineering for Future Cognitive Brain–Machine Interfaces

“…7). The synaptically inter-connected neural-like nano-devices able to collaboratively execute complex neural tasks in a distributed manner lead to the concept of neural artificial nano-networks [94], [95].…”

Slotted CSMA/CA Based Energy Efficinet MAC Protocol Design in Nanonetworks

“…The transition from the Internet of Things, IoT, to the Internet of Nano-Things, IoNT, stems from technological advancements of nano-metric devices based on nanoscale ElectroMagnetic, EM, communication in the THz band. As a paradigm-shifting concept in communication and network technologies, the IoNT promises to make emerging applications in Information Technology possible, applications in in-body sensors and actuator networks, environmental control of toxic agents and pollution, precise quality control of mechanical material production, and military fields [1] [2][3] [4].…”