A shape factor based ultrasonic measurement method for determination of bolt preload

Pan, Qinxue; Pan, Ruipeng; Chang, Meile; Xu, Xiaoyu

doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2019.102210

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In Figure 2, L0 is the full length of the bolt, Le is the equivalent We consider a one-dimensional model to calculate the response of ultrasonic waves to axial preload, and the axial stress distribution over the length of the bolt is shown in Figure 2. The stresses in the middle of the bolt are approximately uniform, whereas the stresses near the head and threads show a gradient pattern along the axial direction [17].…”

Section: The Axial Stress Measurement Model Based On the Stress-depen...mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We consider a one-dimensional model to calculate the response of ultrasonic waves to axial preload, and the axial stress distribution over the length of the bolt is shown in Figure 2. The stresses in the middle of the bolt are approximately uniform, whereas the stresses near the head and threads show a gradient pattern along the axial direction [17]. To simplify the problem, we assume that the full bolt length is the sum of the equivalent stressed length and the unstressed portion.…”

Section: The Axial Stress Measurement Model Based On the Stress-depen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonic non-destructive methods, such as the piezoelectric ultrasonic method [6][7][8], the EMAT ultrasonic method [9][10][11], and the acoustoelastic effect method [12][13][14][15][16][17], have been reported to measure bolt axial stress. The piezoelectric ultrasonic method is primarily used for loosening the monitoring of bolted connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry coupling is used instead of liquid coupling to improve coupling conditions affected by the bolt surface. Qinxue Pan et al [17] focused on the non-uniform distribution of axial stress in the effective stressed region of the bolt. The shape factor is proposed to eliminate the impact of the stress distribution on the propagation path of ultrasonic waves on the measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A New Axial Stress Measurement Method for High-Strength Short Bolts Based on Stress-Dependent Scattering Effect and Energy Attenuation Coefficient

Chen

Yin

2022

Sensors

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The accurate estimation of axial stresses is a major problem for high-strength bolted connections that needs to be overcome to improve the assembly quality and safety of aviation structures. However, the conventional acoustoelastic effect based on velocity-stress dependence is very weak for short bolts, which leads to large estimation errors. In this article, the effect of axial stress on ultrasonic scattering attenuation is investigated by calculating the change in the energy attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic echoes after applying axial preload. Based on this effect, a stress-dependent attenuation estimation model is developed to measure the bolt axial stress. In addition, the spectrum of the first and second round-trip echoes is divided into several frequency bands to calculate the energy attenuation coefficients, which are used to select the frequency band sensitive to the axial stress changes. Finally, the estimation model between axial stress and energy attenuation coefficients in the sensitive frequency band is established under 20 steps of axial preloads. The experimental results show that the energy attenuation coefficient in the sensitive band corresponds well with axial stress. The average relative error of the predicted axial stress is 6.28%, which is better than that of the conventional acoustoelastic effect method. Therefore, the proposed approach can be used as an effective method to measure the axial stress of short bolts in the assembly of high-strength connections.

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Section: The Axial Stress Measurement Model Based On the Stress-depen...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Axial Stress Measurement Model Based On the Stress-depen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A New Axial Stress Measurement Method for High-Strength Short Bolts Based on Stress-Dependent Scattering Effect and Energy Attenuation Coefficient

Chen

Yin

2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The change in magnetic flux density as a diagnostic parameter of the bolt tightening torque was used by Mori et al [20]. The papers by Yasui et al [21], Kim and Hong [22], Blachowski et al [23], and Pan et al [24] were written on the subject of ultrasonic measurement of axial stress in bolts. Monitoring of bolt forces can also be carried out using embedded fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors [25]- [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health assessment of a multi-bolted connection due to removing selected bolts

Grzejda¹,

Parus²

2021

FME Transactions

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In the paper, experimental studies of an asymmetric preloaded seven-bolted connection are presented. The tightening process of the connection was carried out with a wrench, monitoring the values of the bolt forces with a calibrated strain gauge measuring system. Two methods of bolt tightening were tested: in one and several passes. After all bolts were tightened, the selected bolts were removed, simulating bolt failure under the loading conditions of the connection. The influence of the method and sequence of bolt tightening on the distribution of bolt forces values after the introduction of failure states of some bolts was investigated. The results were statistically processed and presented in the form of graphs showing the distributions of normalised bolt forces values for all the considered failure cases.

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The Investigation of Preload Relaxation Behavior of CFRP Bolted Joints Under Thermal-Oxygen Environment: Modeling and Experiments

Qin,

Feng,

Meng

et al. 2024

Appl Compos Mater

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A shape factor based ultrasonic measurement method for determination of bolt preload

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

A New Axial Stress Measurement Method for High-Strength Short Bolts Based on Stress-Dependent Scattering Effect and Energy Attenuation Coefficient

A New Axial Stress Measurement Method for High-Strength Short Bolts Based on Stress-Dependent Scattering Effect and Energy Attenuation Coefficient

Health assessment of a multi-bolted connection due to removing selected bolts

The Investigation of Preload Relaxation Behavior of CFRP Bolted Joints Under Thermal-Oxygen Environment: Modeling and Experiments

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