A Side-Chain Dendronized Nonlinear Optical Polyimide with Large and Thermally Stable Electrooptic Activity

Luo, Jingdong; Haller, Marnie; Li, Hongxiang; Tang, Hao; Jen, Alex K.‐Y.; Kavitha, Jakka; Chou, Chia-Hung; Shu, Ching‐Fong

doi:10.1021/ma0350009

Cited by 104 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These characteristic optical properties of the F-PEs come mainly from the cardo structure of the 9,9-diarylfluorene skeleton as well as the alkyl chains in the main chain. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In addition, the carbon filler (C 60 ) dispersing power of the F-PEs was confirmed and decreased with increase in length of the alkyl chain. Thus, the F-PEs can unambiguously be regarded as one of the potential polymer materials being used in a variety of fields including optical materials field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PET film had clear birefringence, as showed in Figure 8, while the films of 3a and 3d hardly showed the birefringence, in accordance with the reports on other polymers containing 9,9-diarylfluorenes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Degree of retardation at 590 nm in 3d (thickness: 250 mm) was less than 3.28 nm in undrawn state, 53 and the birefringence value was remarkably low (less than 1:3 Â 10 À5 ). In the drawn film of 3d (drawn ratio is 2.0), the birefringence value was À8:9 Â 10 À4 , and the stress optical coefficient was very low (À0:15 GPa À1 ).…”

Section: Birefringencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such low birefringence should be attributed to the optical anisotropy decreasing effect of the cardo structure of the 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety placed in the main chain as mentioned. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The fluorene moiety and the two phenyl groups at the C9-position occupy different planes and are crossed at the precise angle that renders the structure most stable. Placing the aromatic rings on the different planes might disturb their one-directional folding, and thereby the optical anisotropy of the F-PEs disappears.…”

Section: Birefringencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such optical property is caused by the presence of many aromatic rings in the 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety which occupy the different planes to disturb the interchromophore packing, effectively decreasing the optical anisotropy. Meanwhile, such polymers also display excellent filler-dispersing ability [10][11][12] in addition to their high thermal stability, [13][14][15][16] high solubility, [17][18][19] and so on.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

9,9-Diarylfluorene-Based Poly(alkyl aryl ether)s: Synthesis and Property

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyethers possessing 9,9-diarylfluorene moieties in the main chain (F-PEs 3) were synthesized in 85-99% yields by the polycondensation of 9,9-bis(hydroxyaryl)fluorenes with alkyl ditosylates in the presence of cesium carbonate. Molecular weight of the F-PEs was dependent on the structure of the ditosylate 1; cyclohexyl-1,4-dimethylene (1a), 1,2-ethylene (1b), 1,3-trimethylene (1c), and 1,6-hexamethylene (1d). Higher molecular weight F-PEs (M n 32000-60000, M w 74000-160000) was obtained when longer alkyl chain ditosylates (1a and 1d) were used. The F-PEs showed good solubility toward various organic solvents such as toluene and high 5% weight loss temperature (T d5 : 424-447 C). The glass transition temperature of F-PEs (T g ) was ranging from 147 to 220 C. No melting point (T m ) was observed. F-PEs showed high water-resistance. The transmittance of F-PEs in film state (thickness: 21-32 mm) reached over 90% in the visible region. The F-PEs exhibited high refractive indices in a range of 1.62-1.66 at 590 nm in addition to sufficiently low birefringence values, probably due to the cardo structure of the fluorene moiety placed in the main chain. The structural dependence of dispersing ability to fullerene C 60 was investigated.KEY WORDS: Cardo Structure / Polyether / Refractive Index / Birefringence / Solubility / Thermal Stability / Processability / 9,9-Diarylfluorene-based polymers attract much attention due to the unique characteristics originated from the ''cardo'' structure as characterized often by the high refractive index and low birefringence.1-9 Such optical property is caused by the presence of many aromatic rings in the 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety which occupy the different planes to disturb the interchromophore packing, effectively decreasing the optical anisotropy. Meanwhile, such polymers also display excellent filler-dispersing ability [10][11][12] in addition to their high thermal stability, [13][14][15][16] high solubility, [17][18][19] and so on. [20][21][22][23][24][25] We have recently reported the special -interaction of the 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety in the matrix polymers toward -face of the carbon fillers.26 Although many polymers possessing 9,9-diarylfluorene moieties in the main chain have been developed to date, there is no study on polyethers. Polyethers are an important class of high performance engineering thermoplastics with a favorable combination of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, other than processability, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] and are easily synthesized usually by the polycondensation of diols and ditopic electrophiles. Polyethers with good optical and physical properties can be obtained, 42,43 if saturated alkyl group is introduced into the polymer main chain in addition to 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety, because the alkyl group often shows no optical anisotropy.Herein, we wish to disclose the synthesis and property of poly(alkyl aryl ether)s (F-PEs) containing 9,9-diarylfluorene moiety in the main chain, with emphasis on the effect of alkyl chai...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Birefringencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Birefringencementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

9,9-Diarylfluorene-Based Poly(alkyl aryl ether)s: Synthesis and Property

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[9][10][11] Polyimide derivatives have been attracting attention in the design of photochromic and secondorder nonlinear optical polymers for improving the temporal stability of poled polymer films. [12][13][14] The chromophores can be introduced into polymers in two main ways: by dissolution in a polymer host (a guest-host system) and by covalent bonding of the chromophore to the macromolecular chain. It is generally believed that covalently bonded polymers will ultimately be necessary for use in practical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post and prepolymerization strategies to develop novel photochromic poly(esterimide)s

Schab‐Balcerzak

Siwy

Jarząbek

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports novel photoresponsive, processable poly(esterimide)s functionalized with the azobenzene and tricyanovinylene groups. Post and prepolymerization strategies were utilized for preparation of the new photochromic polymers with imide rings. The postpolymerization method of azopolymer synthesis included a functionalization of precursor poly(esterimide) containing dialkylaminophenyl groups with diazonium salt of aniline. The precursor poly(esterimide) was obtained from synthe-

show abstract