“…In addition, the tie lines are located between the buses (11,43), (13,21), (15,46), (27,65), and (50,59), and the breakers on these lines are identified by numbers 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73. The data of distribution lines and distribution substations and peak data of P 0 and Q 0 are extracted from [80]. The hourly amount of P 0 and Q 0 can be found by multiplying the daily curve of the load factor and peak values of P 0 and Q 0 .…”