A simple and reliable assay to quantify host resistance and aggressiveness of the pathogen in the Fusarium head blight-barley pathosystem

Sakr, Nachaat; Al-Attar, Jalal

doi:10.1556/038.2022.00138

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The two morphologically, physiologically and genetically different barley cultivars (Ceccarelli et al, 1987) of Syrian origin with favorable agronomic and quality characteristics used were Arabi Aswad (AS) and Arabi Abiad (AB) classified as moderately resistant and moderately susceptible to head blight, according to previous in vitro, growth chamber and field observations to display a progressive range of Fusarium susceptibility (Sakr, 2020a,b, Sakr andAl-Attar, 2022). To date, the incidence of head blight pathogens on barley has not reported in Syria.…”

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A set of 16 singlespore derived cultures of four Fusarium species causing head blight, i.e. (F. culmorum (5 isolates), F. solani (6 isolates), F. verticillioides (synonym F. moniliforme) (4 isolates), and F. equiseti (one isolate)) chosen for their diverse pathogenicity levels (established on previous several experimental findings (Sakr, 2020a,b, Sakr andAl-Attar, 2022) were used. The isolates were collected through the 2015 growth season from naturally infected wheat heads over 9 locations in Ghab Plain with a FHB history, one of the principal Syrian wheat production areas.…”

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment was repeated three times. Methods for LP assay were carried out as reported previously by Browne (2009) to assess in vitro quantitative resistance components and utilized cited by Sakr and Al-Attar (2022) to assess resistance and pathogenicity in the barley-FHB system. Seeds of two barley cultivars were disinfested with NaOCl for 8 minutes followed by 6 rinses in sterile distilled water (SDW).…”

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three replicates of each cultivar based on observations on 120 detached leaves were set up. Methods for AUDPC assay were conducted as described previously by Purahong et al (2012) to quantify in vitro aggressiveness components and cited recently by Sakr and Al-Attar (2022) to analyze both pathogenicity and resistance in the association of barley and FHB fungi. Prior to infection, the 16 Fusarium cultures were covered with 10 ml of a Si-solution or SDW for controls.…”

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major Types of barley resistance to FHB infection are widely reported in the phytopathological literature: resistance to the initial pathogen infection (Type I), and resistance to the spread of pathogen infection in the head tissues (Type II), with Type I is the predominant Type (Dahl and Wilson, 2018). Currently, the in vitro criteria, i.e., latent period (LP) (time from inoculation to sporulation), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and coleoptile length reduction (CLR), have been shown to be the most reliable methods for evaluating barley resistance to Fusarium pathogens causing head blight at the early growth stages, indicating the predictive ability of these in vitro components as indicators of mechanisms of Type I and Type II occurring in barley heads during FHB development at the adult stage in the field (Browne, 2009;Purahong et al, 2012;Soresi et al, 2015;Sakr, 2020b;Sakr and Al-Attar, 2022). However, breeding for FHB resistance has proven to be complicated due to complex inheritance of resistance genes and strong genotype-by-environment interaction (Dahl and Wilson, 2018), resulting in the absence of commercial barley cultivars with satisfactory genetic resistance (Fernando et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppressive Effect of Si on the Development of Fusarium Head Blight in Young Barley Organs Under in Vitro Conditions

Sakr

2023

Pak. J. Phytopathol.

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Although barley is a high silicon (Si) absorber and accumulator monocot; few reports have shown an enhanced adult host resistance to destructive fungal diseases including Fusarium head blight (FHB). However, no study has ever conducted to demonstrate Si ability to suppress FHB development in young barley organs under in vitro environment. To elucidate this, the effect of Si uptake at 1.7 mM on the susceptibility of two barley cultivars, Arabi Aswad (AS, moderately resistant) and Arabi Abiad (AB, moderately susceptible) to four Fusarium species with diverse aggressiveness was investigated in three in vitro experiments. Development of FHB pathogens was expressed by latent period (LP) of detached leaf inoculation, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Petri-dish inoculation as well as coleoptile length reduction (CLR) of a coleoptile infection. At the early development stage, differences in LP, AUDPC and CLR were observed on barley detached leaves and seedlings of Si-Fusarium-inoculated treatments relative to fungal-inoculated-controls, showing the beneficial role played by this element in decreasing head blight disease symptoms on young plant parts under in vitro conditions. Si absorption at 1.7 mM did significantly result in significantly higher LP and lesser AUDPC and CLR compared with controls in AS and AB. Si increased resistance measured by LP, AUDPC and CLR on AB to level comparable to AS not amended with Si, suggesting that Si feeding increase host resistance to FHB development. To our best knowledge, this in vitro study presented the first pathogenic evidence associated with the positive effect of Si on enhancing barley resistance against Fusarium infection in the young host parts, showing that the three components evaluated in this study, i.e., LP, AUDPC and CLR, were negatively impacted by Si. Thus, Si supply at 1.7 mM could be a valuable tool in integrated pathogen management by suppressing pathogen development on barley.

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Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Materials Fungal Isolates and Inoculum Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppressive Effect of Si on the Development of Fusarium Head Blight in Young Barley Organs Under in Vitro Conditions

Sakr

2023

Pak. J. Phytopathol.

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Root Silicon Amendment Enhances Barley’s Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in the Field

Sakr,

Kurdali

2023

TOASJ

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Background: Silicon (Si) amendment plays an important role in enhancing the resistance of several plant species to diverse pathogens. To date, a few studies have focused on how Si application helps barley, a higher Si absorber and accumulator monocot, to resist fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), which reduces the quality and safety of harvested products worldwide. However, no study has ever been conducted to demonstrate Si's ability to suppress FHB development in barley heads under uncontrolled climatic conditions. Materials and Methods: This 2-year field study elucidated the effect of multiple Si applications at 1.7 mM via roots in two barley cultivars, Arabi Aswad (AS moderately resistant) and Arabi Abiad (AB moderately susceptible), to control four Fusarium species with diverse pathogenicity. The incidence of FHB (DI type I resistance), severity of FHB (DS type II), and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK type III) were also tested to describe the nature of the Si-enhanced barley resistance. Results: Si treatment at 1.7 mM under soil culture decreased FHB development by enhancing all resistance types measured in the present research. DI, DS, and FDK were reduced by 18.7%, 20.3%, and 20.2%, respectively, in Si-Fusarium-inoculated treatments relative to fungal-inoculated controls. Si absorption in barley strengthened the defense system measured by type I and type II on AB to a level comparable to AS not amended with Si. Irrespective of the barley cultivar, however, Si resulted in a quasi-similar reduction of FDK. Importantly, Si treatment at 1.7 mM decreased the damage of FHB in previous analyses conducted on AS and AB under in vitro and growth chamber environments, showing that Si enhanced the expression of resistance to FHB infection in seedlings and adult barley plants. Conclusion: All of these results are promising outcomes for the application of Si as a safe and effective method against Fusarium species. This study provides new insights into the potential of multiple Si applications at 1.7 mM via roots for boosting barley’s resistance to FHB with a bright prospect for Si use in barley cultivation under field conditions.

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In vitro Methodology to Assess Quantitative Resistance in Plant-fungus Pathosystems

Sakr¹

2022

TOASJ

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Background: Quantitative resistance (QR) to fungal pathogens remains a primary focus of all major host breeding programs. Field screenings for resistant plants, although accurate and effective, demand significant time and a sizable workforce to accomplish. Moreover, weather conditions in the field may not always be favorable for uniform disease spread, which eventually may lead to failure of the overall experiment. The development of a more efficient and reliable bioassay to screen for resistance to fungal pathogens would be advantageous for any breeding program working on disease resistance, however, only if it correlates with field screening trials. Objective: The objective of this review is to combine novel findings related to rapid screening methods to evaluate QR, which are needed to accelerate the progress in developing fungal disease resistance in cultivars. Insights into the in vitro quantitative components of the host–pathogen interaction, factors affecting in vitro evaluation in young plant materials as well as molecular pathways for the association between the in vitro and adult plant responses to fungal infection are also reviewed. Conclusion: An in vitro method was found to be efficient and successful in terms of inoculum volume, plant samples, and working space. The main advantage of this method is its predictive ability of adult plant disease. In addition, it gives reproducible results and was found to be simple and reliable method. The in vitro assay allows rapid and early determination of resistance/susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which can be incorporated into a breeding program for identifying resistant plants.

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A simple and reliable assay to quantify host resistance and aggressiveness of the pathogen in the Fusarium head blight-barley pathosystem

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Suppressive Effect of Si on the Development of Fusarium Head Blight in Young Barley Organs Under in Vitro Conditions

Suppressive Effect of Si on the Development of Fusarium Head Blight in Young Barley Organs Under in Vitro Conditions

Root Silicon Amendment Enhances Barley’s Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in the Field

In vitro Methodology to Assess Quantitative Resistance in Plant-fungus Pathosystems

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