A Simple Field Test to Evaluate the Maintenance Requirements of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements

Lucke, Terry; White, Richard; Nichols, Peter W.; Borgwardt, Sönke

doi:10.3390/w7062542

Cited by 19 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted on the pooled data where all the infiltration tests conducted on the surface, regardless of location, were lumped into one data set as done in similar studies [18,25,29]. Pooled data sets were created for each ring size, for each surface and for each type of test method (either ASTM or falling head).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the introduction of this standard, a number of studies evaluating the accuracy of the ASTM standard tests, or comparing them to other methods for determining SIR, can be found in the literature [16,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. These comparisons are useful not only in judging the general use of such a method, but the precision by which it can provide a measure of SIR because of modeling needs and maintenance requirements [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found their method provided comparable results to the ASTM test method. Other similar methods have been demonstrated to provide reasonable estimates of clogging levels in interlocking pavers [24,29]. Alternative instruments that simulate rainfall have produced SIR values comparable to double ring infiltrometers on interlocking pavers [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging

Valeo

Gupta

2018

Water

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Cell phone images of pervious pavement surfaces were used to explore relationships between surface infiltration rates (SIR) measured using the ASTM C1701 standard test and using a simple falling head test. A fiber-reinforced porous asphalt surface and a highly permeable material comprised of stone, rubber and a polymer binder (Porous Pave) were tested. Images taken with a high-resolution cellphone camera were acquired as JPEG files and converted to gray scale images in Matlab ® for analysis. The distribution of gray levels was compared to the surface infiltration rates obtained for both pavements with attention given to the mean of the distribution. Investigation into the relationships between mean SIR and parameters determined from the gray level distribution produced in the image analysis revealed that mean SIR measured in both pavements were proportional to the inverse of the mean of the distribution. The relationships produced a coefficient of determination over 85% using both the ASTM and the falling head test in the porous asphalt surface. SIR measurements determined with the ASTM method were highly correlated with the inverse mean of the distribution of gray levels in the Porous Pave material as well, producing coefficients of determination of over 90% and Kendall's tau-b of roughly 70% for nonparametric data.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging

Valeo

Gupta

2018

Water

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“…The results demonstrated that the most accurate results were associated with the falling head full-scale testing method. Recently, a stormwater infiltration field test (SWIFT) method was developed in Australia [26] as a fast and inexpensive method for permeable pavement assessment. The SWIFT method was compared with the single-ring infiltrometer test (ASTM C1781M-14a) method and a good agreement was found between these methods.…”

Section: Infiltration Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Permeable Pavement Clogging Investigations and Recommended Maintenance Regimes

Razzaghmanesh

Beecham

2018

Water

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Understanding clogging mechanisms in permeable pavements can help optimize the required maintenance regime. In this review paper, methods for investigating clogging mechanisms are described. These include surface infiltration methods, the use of embedded sensors, and the development of modelling tools. Previously conducted surface infiltration tests indicate the importance of the age of a permeable pavement system and also local climatic conditions, including rainfall intensity. The results indicate that porous concrete generally has the highest infiltration capacity and this is followed by permeable interlocking concrete pavement and then porous asphalt. The measured infiltration rates decreased significantly even within two years of installation. There was an indirect relationship between surface infiltration rates and the age of the pavements. It was also found that the rainfall characteristics are important in selecting the type of pavement. Sensor technologies have been used mainly in the United States and there has been a reluctance to use such technologies in other parts of the world. Few studies have been conducted into modelling the changing performance of permeable pavement systems over time and there is a need to develop more general models. Various methods and machinery have been developed for cleaning and maintaining permeable pavements and there is no universally preferred approach currently available. Indeed, several of the commonly used maintenance methods have been shown to be relatively ineffective.

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“…Categories of PICP pavement clogging and associated infiltration rates are listed in Table 5. [152] These values could be used by engineers as a guide to assess clogging.…”

Section: Cloggingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Review of Permeable Pavement Systems for Applications in Small Island Developing States

Monrose

Tota-Maharaj

2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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This paper presents a technological review of permeable pavement systems (PPS) for applications in urban areas of small island developing states (SIDS). This review includes a literature survey of PPS, challenges and opportunities of climate change and urban development in SIDS and key aspects worth considering for widespread acceptance and use of PPS in SIDS. SIDS comprise of several nations located across the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Caribbean, Mediterranean and South China seas. They are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change and increasing urbanisation. Urban stormwater management and flooding are often serious challenges faced by authorities in most SIDS. PPS are resilient infrastructure which can assist in mitigating flooding by reducing runoff and peak flows and improving the landscape perviousness. PPS can further improve stormwater runoff quality to receiving natural waters by reducing pollutant loadings of suspended solids, heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Unlike most territorial states, the geographical and geologically confined nature of most SIDS present unique parameters for consideration when designing permeable pavements for SIDS. This literature survey found that some of the most important parameters include traffic loads, cost, construction aggregate choice and availability, permeability of existing soil at the intended location, depth of water table, potential for groundwater contamination, slope of the pavement, stormwater reuse option, clogging, maintenance and support from policy makers. Continued practical research into the use of permeable pavements for urban runoff management in SIDS is ongoing with the expectation of PPS being utilised in many SIDS.

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A Simple Field Test to Evaluate the Maintenance Requirements of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavements

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging

Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging

A Review of Permeable Pavement Clogging Investigations and Recommended Maintenance Regimes

Technological Review of Permeable Pavement Systems for Applications in Small Island Developing States

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