A simple <i>in vitro</i> model for growth control of bacterial biofilms

Hodgson, A.; Nelson, Shona; Brown, M. R. W.; Gilbert, Peter

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03128.x

Cited by 80 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Interestingly, although bacteria can migrate from the agarose beads in vivo, bacterial growth is slow and is limited to the beads, a situation that is similar to what has been observed in bacteria existing in a biofilm phenotype (76). Also, clearance of bacteria is impaired and animals are less likely to develop acute sepsis that occurs more frequently with free-living bacterial inoculation (54).…”

Section: Agar-bead (Chronic) Pneumonia Modelmentioning

confidence: 71%

Animal models of hospital-acquired pneumonia: current practices and future perspectives

Bielen¹,

Jongers²,

Malhotra-Kumar³

et al. 2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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Lower respiratory tract infections are amongst the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Especially in hospital settings and more particularly in critically ill ventilated patients, nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most serious infectious complications frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia as well as the major cause of chronic pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients. Animal models of pneumonia allow us to investigate distinct types of pneumonia at various disease stages, studies that are not possible in patients.Different animal models of pneumonia such as one-hit acute pneumonia models, ventilator-associated pneumonia models and biofilm pneumonia models associated with cystic fibrosis have been extensively studied and have considerably aided our understanding of disease pathogenesis and testing and developing new treatment strategies. The present review aims to guide investigators in choosing appropriate animal pneumonia models by describing and comparing the relevant characteristics of each model using P. aeruginosa as a model etiology for hospital-acquired pneumonia. Key to establishing and studying these animal models of infection are well-defined end-points that allow precise monitoring and characterization of disease development that could ultimately aid in translating these findings to patient populations in order to guide therapy. In this respect, and discussed here, is the development of humanized animal models of bacterial pneumonia that could offer unique advantages to study bacterial virulence factor expression and host cytokine production for translational purposes.

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Section: Agar-bead (Chronic) Pneumonia Modelmentioning

confidence: 71%

Animal models of hospital-acquired pneumonia: current practices and future perspectives

Bielen¹,

Jongers²,

Malhotra-Kumar³

et al. 2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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“…The most commonly used methods include the microtiter plate systems with colorimetric assessment (6, 16), chemostat-based systems (10,31), and perfused biofilm fermentors (11). Of these, the microtiter plate-based systems are simple and inexpensive yet permit evaluation of FIG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm-Forming Ability ofCandida albicansIs Unlikely To Contribute to High Levels of Oral Yeast Carriage in Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Jin¹,

et al. 2003

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An increased prevalence of candidal carriage and oral candidiasis is common in cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the reasons for this may include the enhanced ability of colonizing yeasts to produce biofilms on mucosal surfaces. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the differences, if any, in the biofilm-forming abilities of 26 Candida albicans yeast isolates from HIV-infected individuals and 20 isolates from HIV-free individuals, as this attribute of yeast isolates from patients with HIV disease has not been examined before. Biofilm formation in microtiter plate wells was quantitatively determined by both the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) reduction method and the crystal violet method. Although candidal biofilm formation could be quantitatively evaluated by either technique, the better reproducibility (P < 0.05) of the XTT reduction assay compared with that of the crystal violet method led us to conclude that the former is more reliable. There were no significant quantitative differences in biofilm formation between C. albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients and isolates from HIV-free individuals during in vitro incubation in a multiwell culture system over a period of 66 h. Three of eight host factors in the HIV-infected group were found to be associated with candidal biofilm formation. Thus, yeasts isolated from older individuals and those with higher CD4-cell counts exhibited decreased biofilm formation, while the findings for yeasts from individuals receiving zidovudine showed the reverse (P < 0.05 for all comparison). Our data indicate that attributes other than biofilm formation may contribute to the increased oral yeast carriage rates in cases of HIV infection.Candida biofilms have recently received considerable attention due to their high prevalence on catheter surfaces (1) and their notorious resistance to antifungals (14, 29). These characteristics of Candida biofilms are likely to contribute to both superficial (26) and systematic candidiasis (21). As candidal infections are the most common fungal infections in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (27), we hypothesized that isolates recovered from HIV-infected individuals may have better biofilm-forming abilities than those recovered from HIV-free individuals.A number of workers have compared the adherence of Candida albicans yeast isolates from HIV-infected patients and HIV-free subjects to mucosal surfaces, as adherence to host surfaces is a prerequisite for subsequent biofilm formation and colonization (12). However, those studies have yielded variable results showing enhanced adherence to buccal epithelial cells (BECs) by yeast isolates from HIV-positive individuals (32), a comparable degree of adhesion between test and control isolates (34), and an even higher degree of adhesion by control isolates (23). To our knowledge, no group has studied the biofilm-forming abilities of Candida isolates recovered fr...

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“…These variable characteristics have created the need for reproducible culture techniques to investigate the properties of biofilms. Biofilms can be generated in vitro in many ways (McCoy et al 1981;Prosser et al 1987;Gilbert et al 1989;Wimpenny et al 1989;Jouenne et al 1994;Hodgson et al 1995). However, with these Correspondence to: Prof. Michael R.W.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of a reproducible nutrient‐depleted biofilm of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cepacia

Bühler

Ballestero

Desai

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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An in vitro method of growing bacteria as a defined nutrient‐depleted biofilm is proposed. The medium was defined nutritionally in terms of the quantitative composition and by the total amount of nutrient required to achieve a defined population size. Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cepacia were incubated on a filter support placed on a defined volume of solid medium. The change of biomass of the biofilm population was compared with the change in a planktonic culture. The size of the population in stationary phase was proportional to the concentration of limiting substrate up to 40 μmol cm−2 glucose for E. coli and up to 2·7 × 10−9 mol cm−2 iron for B. cepacia. Escherichia coli growing exponentially had a growth rate of μ = 0·30 h−1 in a biofilm and μ = 0·96 h−1 in planktonic culture. The growth rate, μ, for exponentially growing B. cepacia in a biofilm was 1·12 h−1 and in planktonic culture 0·78 h−1. This method allows the limitation of the size of a biofilm population to a chosen value.

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A simple in vitro model for growth control of bacterial biofilms

Cited by 80 publications

References 29 publications

Animal models of hospital-acquired pneumonia: current practices and future perspectives

Animal models of hospital-acquired pneumonia: current practices and future perspectives

Biofilm-Forming Ability ofCandida albicansIs Unlikely To Contribute to High Levels of Oral Yeast Carriage in Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Generation of a reproducible nutrient‐depleted biofilm of Escherichia coli and Burkholderia cepacia

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