A simple ketene generator.

Wang, S. C.; Schueler, F. W.

doi:10.1021/ed026p323

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We examine two types of ices, one made of apolar components and the other dominated by H 2 O, a strongly polar molecule, with an emphasis on radiation-chemical methods and support from photochemistry experiments. The present work differs from previous studies in that for ketene precursors we only use molecules that have been detected in the interstellar Staudinger (1912), Wang & Schueler (1949), Quadbeck (1956), and references therein for details. medium or that are suspected to interstellar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ketene Formation in Interstellar Ices: A Laboratory Study

Hudson

Loeffler

2013

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The formation of ketene (H 2 CCO, ethenone) in polar and apolar ices was studied with in situ 0.8 MeV proton irradiation, far-UV photolysis, and infrared spectroscopic analyses at 10-20 K. Using isotopically enriched reagents, unequivocal evidence was obtained for ketene synthesis in H 2 O-rich and CO 2 -rich ices, and several reaction products were identified. Results from scavenging experiments suggested that ketene was formed by free-radical pathways, as opposed to acid-base processes or redox reactions. Finally, we use our results to draw conclusions about the formation and stability of ketene in the interstellar medium.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four laboratory addition reactions of ketene. SeeStaudinger (1912),Wang & Schueler (1949),Quadbeck (1956), and references therein for details.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketene Formation in Interstellar Ices: A Laboratory Study

Hudson

Loeffler

2013

ApJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It occurred to us that a less reactive amine might not react appreciably with VEA but would still react readily with ketene due to its high reactivity. Wang and Schueler used aniline to trap and analyze ketene gas. N -methylaniline was chosen in this study to test this possibility because it is a secondary amine, and the nitrogen atom is more sterically hindered than benzylamine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, No. 24 chromel A wire, which is an alloy containing approximately 80% nickel and 20% chromium (by weight), with low-level quantities of Si (1%) and Fe (0.5%), was employed as catalysts for the ketene generator . Although the exact metal or metals that could catalyze the ketene formation in a vaping scenario warrants further investigation, a high abundance of nickel, iron, silica, and chromium in the heating materials of vape devices provides potential catalysts for the ketene formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions Leading to Ketene Formation in Vaping Devices and Implications for Public Health

Wang,

Jacob,

Wang

et al. 2024

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI) in the United States in 2019 led to a total of 2807 hospitalizations with 68 deaths. While the exact causes of this vaping-related lung illness are still being debated, laboratory analyses of products from victims of EVALI have shown that vitamin E acetate (VEA), an additive in some tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)containing products, is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak. Because of its similar appearance and viscosity to pure THC oil, VEA was used as a diluent agent in cannabis oils in illicit markets. A potential mechanism for EVALI may involve VEA's thermal decomposition product, ketene, a highly poisonous gas, being generated under vaping conditions. In this study, a novel approach was developed to evaluate ketene production from VEA vaping under measurable temperature conditions in real-world devices. Ketene in generated aerosols was captured by two different chemical agents and analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS method takes advantage of the high sensitivity and specificity of tandem mass spectrometry and appears to be more suitable than GC-MS for the analysis of large batches of samples. Our results confirmed the formation of ketene when VEA was vaped. The production of ketene increased with repeat puffs and showed a correlation to temperatures (200 to 500 °C) measured within vaping devices. Device battery power strength, which affects the heating temperature, plays an important role in ketene formation. In addition to ketene, the organic oxidant duroquinone was also obtained as another thermal degradation product of VEA. Ketene was not detected when vitamin E was vaped under the same conditions, confirming the importance of the acetate group for its generation.

show abstract

Laboratoriumsgenerator für Keten, Isopren und Butadien ‐ (1,3)

Wetzel

1959

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Es wird ein Laboratoriumsgenerator beschrieben, der nach dem Prinzip der Pyrolyse am Gluhdraht orbeitet und wegen seiner Leistungsfahigkeit ouch besonders f u r praparative Zwecke geeignet ist.Durch Pyrolyse gewisser organischer Substanzen lassen sich in verhaltnismaBig einfacher Weise fur Synthesen wichtige Verbindungen darstellen. Die thermische Spaltung'), die meist an gluhenden Drahten bzw. in hocherhitzten Rohren vorgenommen wird, mu6 zu definierten Produkten fuhren, in denen der gesuchte Stoff als Hauptkomponente enthalten sein und sich von storenden Begleitsubstanzen gut abtrennen lassen SOU.

show abstract

A simple ketene generator.

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Ketene Formation in Interstellar Ices: A Laboratory Study

Ketene Formation in Interstellar Ices: A Laboratory Study

Conditions Leading to Ketene Formation in Vaping Devices and Implications for Public Health

Laboratoriumsgenerator für Keten, Isopren und Butadien ‐ (1,3)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About