A simple system for the presumptive identification of<i>Candida albicans</i>and differentiation of strains within the species

Odds, Frank C.; Abbott, A.B.

doi:10.1080/00362178085380511

Cited by 179 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…albicans grows well in fresh lemon juice (Newton-John et al, 1984) and can sometimes be recovered from lemon juice used by addicts (Shankland et al, 1986). It is notable that all the isolates from the addicts gave positive results in the citrate biotyping test, indicating their ability to grow on citrate at a low pH value (Odds and Abbott, 1980). C. albicans type 153/7 is closely related to a type (0/155/7) previously found to be responsible for an outbreak of systemic Candida infection in a hospital intensive care unit and to possess an enhanced ability to adhere to epithelial cells (Burnie et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Candida infection syndrome in heroin addicts--dominance of a single Candida albicans biotype

Odds

Palacio-Hernanz

Cuadra

et al. 1987

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Candida infection syndrome in heroin addicts--dominance of a single Candida albicans biotype

Odds

Palacio-Hernanz

Cuadra

et al. 1987

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Morphotype and EK appeared to be independent characters as illustrated by comparing figs. 4 and 5. The other classes, containing a small number of specimens, were not examined for correlations between morphotype and EK.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The identification of pathogenic yeast strains by electrophoretic analysis of their chromosomes

Monod

Porchet

Baudraz‐Rosselet

et al. 1990

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Summary. Epidemiological studies require characterisation of pathogenic yeasts at and below the species level. The chromosomes of 130 strains of four pathogenic species of the genus Candida, isolated from clinical material, were separated by pulsed field electrophoresis with the clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) technique. Each species was characterised by a distinct electrophoretic karyotype (EK). Furthermore, smaller variations of the EK amongst strains belonging to the same species appeared to offer a useful means of strain differentiation. A karyotyping system is proposed for C. albicans. The EKs were assigned to a code of four numbers which designated the number of bands that could be resolved in each of four sets of chromosomes. Morphotypes of the colonies of C. albicans on malt agar plates, which did not correlate with the EK, could provide a complementary means of strain characterisation in epidemiological studies.

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“…In addition, multiple "switch phenotypes" (growth forms with distinctive cell types and colony morphologies [40,41]) of the same strain can be found at the same site of infection (43). Sugar assimilation and biotyping methods are normally accurate in distinguishing species and, in many cases, strains (15,29,31) but can provide false distinctions between switch phenotypes of the same strain (1). Serological typing methods can discriminate between only two C. albicans subtypes (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomeric and dispersed repeat sequences in Candida yeasts and their use in strain identification

et al. 1991

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Several different repetitive DNA sequences have been isolated from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. These include two families of large dispersed repeat sequences (Ca3, Ca24) and a short (23-bp) tandemly repeated element (Ca7) associated with C. albicans telomeres. In addition, a large subtelomeric repeat (WOL17) has been cloned. DNA fragments containing the telomeric repeats are highly variable among different C. albicans strains. We have shown that the Ca3 repeat is relatively more stable and is suitable for use as a species-specific and strain-specffic probe for C. albicans.Candida albicans and related species are responsible for the majority of oral and vaginal yeast infections (la, 26) and continue to increase in frequency as a major cause of systemic infections in immunocompromised hosts (1,4,5,25,30). Because C. albicans and related species lack sexual cycles (46), genetic studies have been difficult. Analyses of mitotic recombination of auxotrophic markers (47, 48), DNA content (32, 42), and complexity (32) and chromosome organization by orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (21) indicate that C. albicans possesses a diploid genome organized into about eight chromosome pairs (16,20), with a DNA content and complexity similar to those of bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (17).The lack of a sexual phase in C. albicans and related species presumably prevents opportunities for recombination between strains, leading to a direct clonal relationship in the descendants. This characteristic may be useful in clinical analyses of colonization and epidemiological studies, since it allows direct determination of strain relatedness by employing genomic markers. Distinguishing between species and strains is of paramount importance in such studies, since it has been demonstrated that more than one Candida species and more than one strain of a single species can colonize or infect the same individual (9,23,27,28,44). In addition, multiple "switch phenotypes" (growth forms with distinctive cell types and colony morphologies [40,41]) of the same strain can be found at the same site of infection (43). Sugar assimilation and biotyping methods are normally accurate in distinguishing species and, in many cases, strains (15, 29, 31) but can provide false distinctions between switch phenotypes of the same strain (1). Serological typing methods can discriminate between only two C. albicans subtypes (8). Even electrophoretic karyotyping can be misleading, since subclones of single strains can exhibit significant changes in chromosome size or structure over relatively short periods of culture (36,45 Repetitive DNA sequences provide useful markers for strain identification and also provide keys to understanding chromosome structure and organization. Scherer and Stevens (38) reported the isolation of a dispersed middle repetitive DNA sequence from C. albicans and showed that it could be used for fingerprinting strains of that species. We have also generated species-specific repetitive DNA probes that have been ...

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A simple system for the presumptive identification ofCandida albicansand differentiation of strains within the species

Cited by 179 publications

References 11 publications

Disseminated Candida infection syndrome in heroin addicts--dominance of a single Candida albicans biotype

Disseminated Candida infection syndrome in heroin addicts--dominance of a single Candida albicans biotype

The identification of pathogenic yeast strains by electrophoretic analysis of their chromosomes

Telomeric and dispersed repeat sequences in Candida yeasts and their use in strain identification

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