A simplified approach for isocratic HPLC analysis of cannabinoids by fine tuning chromatographic selectivity

Križman, Mitja

doi:10.1007/s00217-019-03344-7

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In order to confirm correctness of the results obtained from the newly developed GC method, HPLC analysis was performed, applying a previously published and validated method [ 33 ]. As mentioned before, GC analysis may not be sufficiently accurate mainly at higher cannabinoid concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This also directly confirms the correctness of the developed GC method in this respect. Aside from being inherently a less sensitive methodology than HPLC [ 33 ], as depicted in Table 1 , GC cannabinoid analysis is performance-wise fully comparable to HPLC. For most analytes, better repeatability figures were also obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis was performed according to the published method [ 33 ]. For HPLC analysis, sample solutions (as described in Section 3.5 ) were further diluted with methanol 100-fold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this represents an additional step that is often not desirable, because it increases probability for experimental error and prolongs analysis time, which may be a considerable drawback in terms of method suitability for routine use. With HPLC, all of these problems have been successfully avoided, as some relatively rapid, simple, and effective methods for the determination of both acidic and decarboxylated cannabinoids in cannabis samples have already been developed [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, two major approaches to chromatographic analysis of cannabinoids in hemp most often appear in the literature; direct analysis of a suitably diluted sample extract by liquid chromatography [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 33 ], or preliminary derivatisation of the extract and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography [ 17 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Despite its mentioned drawbacks, the latter approach is still quite in use, somewhat for traditional reasons, but also for entirely practical reasons, since GC instrumentation is simpler and less expensive than HPLC and sometimes, consequently, more economical for use or maybe even the only one available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Gas-Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Hemp

Zekič

Križman

2020

Molecules

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An original gas chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of major terpenes and cannabinoids in plant samples and their extracts. The main issues to be addressed were the large differences in polarity and volatility between both groups of analytes, but also the need for an exhaustive decarboxylation of cannabinoid acidic forms. Sample preparation was minimised, also by avoiding any analyte derivatisation. Acetone was found to be the most appropriate extraction solvent. Successful chromatographic separation was achieved by using a medium polarity column. Limits of detection ranged from 120 to 260 ng/mL for terpenes and from 660 to 860 ng/mL for cannabinoids. Parallel testing proved the results for cannabinoids are comparable to those obtained from established HPLC methods. Despite very large differences in concentrations between both analyte groups, a linear range between 1 and 100 µg/mL for terpenes and between 10 and 1500 µg/mL for cannabinoids was determined.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis was performed according to the published method [ 33 ]. For HPLC analysis, sample solutions (as described in Section 3.5 ) were further diluted with methanol 100-fold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Gas-Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Hemp

Zekič

Križman

2020

Molecules

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Progress in the analysis of phytocannabinoids by HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) during 2020–2023

Nahar,

Chaiwut,

Sangthong

et al. 2024

Phytochemical Analysis

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IntroductionOrganic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are known as cannabinoids. These molecules possess pharmacological properties similar to those produced by Cannabis sativa L. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) have become the most widely used analytical tools for detection and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) are usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), photodiode array (PDA), or mass spectrometric (MS) detector.ObjectiveTo critically appraise the literature on the application of HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published from January 2020 to December 2023.MethodologyAn extensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar and published materials including relevant books. In various combinations, using cannabinoid in all combinations, cannabis, hemp, hashish, C. sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, and quantitative, qualitative, and quality control were used as the keywords for the literature search.ResultsSeveral HPLC‐ and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids were reported. While simple HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐PDA‐based methods were common, the use of HPLC‐MS, HPLC‐MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS, and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS/MS was also reported. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimization of protocols were noted. Pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols.ConclusionDuring the last 4 years, HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) remained the main analytical tools for phytocannabinoid analysis in different matrices.

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Natural vs. artificial cannabinoid oils: the comparison of their antioxidant activities

Dawidowicz

Typek

Olszowy

2022

Eur Food Res Technol

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In the wide range of products containing hemp ingredients, cannabinoid oils are the most popular. They have gained popularity not only among people struggling with various health ailments, but also those who search for a neutral way of taking care of their body and mind. The antioxidant activities of cannabinoid oils differing in the type of their main cannabinoid [i.e., Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) or Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA)] are compared and discussed in the paper. The oils with the same concentration of their main cannabinoid but prepared in different ways were applied in the experiments. Following the presented results, cannabinoid oils obtained from the plant extracts are characterized by evidently greater antioxidant activity than those prepared from pure cannabinoids. The essential difference in the antioxidant activity of the oils containing the neutral or acidic form of a given cannabinoid is observed only in the case of THC and THCA oils.

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A simplified approach for isocratic HPLC analysis of cannabinoids by fine tuning chromatographic selectivity

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Development of Gas-Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Hemp

Development of Gas-Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Hemp

Progress in the analysis of phytocannabinoids by HPLC and UPLC (or UHPLC) during 2020–2023

Natural vs. artificial cannabinoid oils: the comparison of their antioxidant activities

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