A simplified scoring system in de novo follicular lymphoma treated initially with immunochemotherapy

Abstract

In follicular lymphoma (FL), no prognostic index has been built based solely on a cohort of patients treated with initial immunochemotherapy. There is currently a need to define parsimonious clinical models for trial stratification and to add on biomolecular factors. Here, we confirmed the validity of both the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) and the FLIPI2 in the large prospective PRIMA trial cohort of 1135 patients treated with initial R-chemotherapy ± R maintenance. Furthermore, we developed a new prognostic tool comprising only 2 simple parameters (bone marrow involvement and β-microglobulin [βm]) to predict progression-free survival (PFS). The final simplified score, called the PRIMA-PI (PRIMA-prognostic index), comprised 3 risk categories: high (βm > 3 mg/L), low (βm ≤ 3 mg/L without bone marrow involvement), and intermediate (βm ≤ 3 mg/L with bone marrow involvement). Five-year PFS rates were 69%, 55%, and 37% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively ( < .0001). In addition, achieving event-free survival (EFS) or not at 24 months (EFS24) was a strong posttreatment prognostic parameter for subsequent overall survival, and the PRIMA-PI was correlated with EFS24. The results were confirmed in a pooled external validation cohort of 479 patients from the FL2000 LYSA trial and the University of Iowa/Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence Molecular Epidemiology Resource. Five-year EFS in the validation cohort was 77%, 57%, and 44% in the PRIMA-PI low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively ( < .0001). The PRIMA-PI is a novel and easy-to-compute prognostic index for patients initially treated with immunochemotherapy. This could serve as a basis for building more sophisticated and integrated biomolecular scores.

Follicular lymphoma: 2020 update on diagnosis and management

“…The GELF criteria which includes parameters of tumor burden and clinical findings, is another model for risk stratification. Analysis of the prospective PRIMA trial with chemoimmunotherapy has led to a simple new prognostic model based upon bone marrow involvement and β2‐microglobulin (β2m) for PFS called PRIMA‐PI . Three groups were identified: low (β2m ≤ 3 mg/L, negative BM); and intermediate (β2m ≤ 3 mg/L, positive BM); high (β2m > 3 mg/L).…”

Genomic alterations important for the prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in SWOG study S0016

“…8 A simplified clinical scoring system, called the PRIMA-Prognostic Index, has recently been proposed, which considers only bone marrow involvement and b2M. 9 Although robust, these clinical scoring systems are limited in clinical utility and have not yet informed a precision approach to treatment.…”

Long‐term outcome comparing histological grades of follicular lymphoma patients treated with immunochemotherapy as first‐line therapy: A retrospective analysis from two institutions

“…Age > 60 years, high LDH, high β2‐microglobulin and PRIMA‐Prognostic Index (PRIMA‐PI) at the time of diagnosis were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS in the global series of patients. Bone marrow involvement and PRIMA‐PI were the only independent prognostic factor found for PFS.…”