“…To the best of our knowledge, no state‐of‐the‐art survey covers all these applications under one umbrella. As shown in Table 1, existing surveys mainly focus on a single application, such as security (Patnaik et al (2021), Al‐Garadi et al (2020), Chaabouni et al (2019), Xiao et al (2018), da Costa et al (2019)), healthcare (Dhillon and Singh (2019), Manogaran and Lopez (2017), Ray (2021), Amulya et al (2021)), smart homes (Ramasamy Ramamurthy and Roy (2018), Ali et al (2019), Bakar et al (2016)), smart cities (Chen et al (2019), Mohapatra and Panda (2019), Ullah et al (2020), Luckey et al (2021)), smart grids (Arif et al (2020), Babar et al (2020), Hasan et al (2020), Narayanan et al (2023)), and smart agriculture (Pathan et al (2020), Sharma et al (2020), Escamilla‐García et al (2020)). In contrast, this study analyzes ML technology, focusing exclusively on its solutions, challenges, and open issues in the mentioned domains.…”