A Solution NMR Study of the Interactions of Oligomannosides and the Anti‐HIV‐1 2G12 Antibody Reveals Distinct Binding Modes for Branched Ligands*

Abstract

In order to evaluate the linkage of schizophrenia to loci at chromosome 15q, we genotyped six microsatellite markers at chromosome 15q11–14 in 52 Taiwanese schizophrenic families. Two phenotype models (narrow: DSM‐IV schizophrenia only; and broad: including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other nonaffective psychotic disorders) were used to define the disease phenotype. Maximum nonparametric linkage scores (NPL scores) of 3.33 (P = 0.0003) and 2.96 (P = 0.0008) were obtained at the marker D15S976 under broad and narrow models, respectively. Positive linkage results were also observed at the marker D15S1360, previously reported to have significant linkage to a neurophysiological deficit of schizophrenia, with NPL scores of 2.71 (P = 0.003) and 2.78 (P = 0.002) under broad and narrow models, respectively. The results provide suggestive linkage evidence of schizophrenia to loci at chromosome 15q13–14 in an ethnically distinct Taiwanese sample. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Close-up of the Immunogenic α1,3-Galactose Epitope as Defined by a Monoclonal Chimeric Immunoglobulin E and Human Serum Using Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR

“…Only two studies on carbohydrates are available that focus on the human IgG antibody 2G12 against HIV glycostructures (47) and human sera with IgG against gangliosides (48). Studies on non-human antibodies include murine IgG against Lewis-type glycans (49) and bacterial oliogosaccharides (50 -54).…”

Chitin-induced activation of immune signaling by the rice receptor CEBiP relies on a unique sandwich-type dimerization

“…3A [see SI Appendix for NMR assignment (SI Appendix, Table S1)]. To precisely map ligand epitopes in close contact with the protein, we acquired STD build up curves by collecting spectra at different saturation times (25)(26)(27)(28) and fitting experimental data with the monoexponential equation: STD = STD max [1 -exp (−k sat t)] (see Materials and Methods, NMR Spectroscopic Analysis for complete details). This method avoids artifacts in the epitope definition, which are consequences of differences in ability to accumulate saturation in the free state, allowing to obtain the real STD effect of each proton, independently of T1 bias, and to prevent any misinterpretation of STD enhancements.…”

“…These STD studies were then complemented with the analysis of trNOESY experiments both free in solution and in the presence of the LysM1-2 domain to assess oligosaccharide conformational changes upon binding (27,(29)(30)(31). Thus, trNOESY experiments were carried out at a 7:1 molar ratio with different NMR mixing times; negative NOEs were observed for both the free and bound states, and detailed analysis of interresidue crosspeaks in the trNOESY spectrum allowed the deduction of the bioactive conformation of the oligosaccharide product when bound to the protein.…”

Vaccine Nanoparticles for Protection Against HIV Infection

“…In particular, linear trimannosides and tetramannosides bind to 2G12 [32] and multivalent gold nanoparticles coated with selfassembled monolayers of synthetic oligomannosides inhibited the binding between 2G12 and gp120 with IC 50 values in the micromolar range [33].…”