A stable isotope and functional weed ecology investigation into Chalcolithic cultivation practices in Central Anatolia: Çatalhöyük, Çamlıbel Tarlası and Kuruçay

Stroud, Elizabeth; Bogaard, Amy; Charles, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103010

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The functional traits used in the model are canopy height, canopy diameter, leaf area per node/leaf thickness, and mean specific leaf area. This model has been applied to semi-arid locations, in particular in western Asia (Bogaard et al 2018 ; Green et al 2018 ; Diffey et al 2020 ; Stroud et al 2021 ; Maltas et al 2022 ).…”

Section: The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inputs from dung burning, edible wild taxa etc.) is necessary (Stroud et al 2021 ) and we recommend using additional techniques such as correspondence analysis and/or discriminant analysis-based crop processing identification methods (e.g. R package CropPro, Stroud et al 2023a ) to understand which taxa are likely to be arable species.…”

Section: Data Collection Functional Traits and Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further survey studies are desirable to broaden the range of scenarios and comparisons, including other world regions. The functional trait data can also be used in other, exploratory ways: for example, to assess the relevance of the traits to compositional trends among archaeobotanical samples (Bogaard et al 2016 ; Diffey et al 2020 ; Stroud et al 2021 ), or to characterise the ecology of newly surveyed crop fields (Charles et al 2002 ; Bogaard et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology

Stroud,

Charles,

Jones

et al. 2023

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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The functional ecology of arable weeds provides a way of comparing present-day and past farming regimes. This paper presents the R package WeedEco, an open-source resource which allows users to compare their archaeobotanical dataset against three previously published arable weed models to understand fertility, disturbance or a combination of both. The package provides functions for data organisation, classification and visualisation, allowing users to enter raw archaeobotanical data, obtain trait values from the functional trait dataset, conduct discriminant analysis and plot the results against the relevant present-day model. Using data from the early medieval site of Stafford in the UK, the paper provides a detailed example of the use of the package, demonstrating its different functions, as well as how the results can be interpreted.

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Section: The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection Functional Traits and Data Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology

Stroud,

Charles,

Jones

et al. 2023

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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“…C 3 crops have been the focus of much archaeobotanical and isotopic work, especially in Europe and the Near East, because represent a key component of the human diet since the Neolithic (e.g. Gron et al, 2021;Stroud et al, 2021;Styring et al, 2018). Current studies, however, have been able to highlight also the importance of C 4 crops in past human diet (Filipović et al, 2020;Lightfoot et al, 2013;Varalli et al, 2016, Varalli, A. et al, 2022, Varalli et al, 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charring Effects on Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values on C4 Plants: Inferences for Archaeological Investigations

Varalli

D’Agostini

Madella

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Geometric morphometric analysis of Neolithic wheat grains: insights into the early development of free-threshing forms

Roushannafas

Bogaard

Charles

2023

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Current knowledge of the origins and routes of introduction of both tetraploid and hexaploid free-threshing wheats (FTWs) from western Asia into Europe remains imprecise. Archaeobotanical distinction of ploidy level is often dependent on sparsely recovered rachis segments, while more specific identification of cultivars within ploidy groups using morphological characteristics of either grain or chaff is generally considered unreliable. This study offers a complementary approach by using geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis of grain shape to assess taxonomic and variety level distinctions in archaeobotanical FTW remains. Two substantial and well-preserved assemblages of Neolithic FTW grains from 7th millennium bce Çatalhöyük (central Anatolia, Turkey) and 6th millennium Kouphovouno (Peloponnese, Greece) were analysed with the aim of shedding light on the naked wheats cultivated by these early agricultural communities. While chaff remains from Çatalhöyük indicate a hexaploid FTW crop, no such diagnostic remains were recovered from Kouphovouno. GMM analysis of the archaeobotanical grains has corroborated early cultivation of hexaploid naked wheat at Çatalhöyük, whilst revealing that a tetraploid wheat, most closely resembling ‘unimproved’ durum wheat, was likely grown at Kouphovouno. The Kouphovouno findings are contextualised within existing theories of a Mediterranean route for introduction of tetraploid FTWs from western Asia to south-western Europe. At both sites, an assessment of the role of FTWs over time suggests changes in the cultural value attributed to these crops and/or the sustainability of the agricultural regimes they were associated with.

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A stable isotope and functional weed ecology investigation into Chalcolithic cultivation practices in Central Anatolia: Çatalhöyük, Çamlıbel Tarlası and Kuruçay

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology

Seeing the fields through the weeds: introducing the WeedEco R package for comparing past and present arable farming systems using functional weed ecology

Charring Effects on Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Values on C4 Plants: Inferences for Archaeological Investigations

Geometric morphometric analysis of Neolithic wheat grains: insights into the early development of free-threshing forms

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