A stakeholder co-design approach for developing a community pharmacy service to enhance screening and management of atrial fibrillation

Sabater‐Hernández, Daniel; Tudball, Jacqueline; Ferguson, Caleb; Franco-Trigo, Lucía; Hossain, Lutfun N.; Benrimoj, Shalom I.

doi:10.1186/s12913-018-2947-7

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For instance, some papers on co-design did not offer a clear and complete description of the co-design process. Instead, the authors of those papers focused on detailed reporting on the outcomes of the study while only providing a general descriptive overview of the level of involvement by the participants engaged in the process of co-design [18,37,38]. This lack of clarity around the co-design process and what was involved and the level of contribution by participants made it difficult for us to accurately categorise these papers.…”

Section: Search Protocol and Screening Of Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collaboration represented by the prefix "co" implying partnership and equality Union/collaboration of stakeholders (researchers and non-researchers) [83,84];"mutual knowledge exchange" [44]; "common understanding" [66]; shared vision and decision-making; meaningful engagement with participants [47,62]; equal voice and a collective vision [54,60] Activity Ideation "generate" [18,83], "explore" [85]; "brainstorm ideas" [49], "provoke discussion" [44,78]; reflect on how to meet community needs, solve problems and improve service delivery [58,61,62,86,87] Activity Designing taking of ideas (generated in the co-ideation phase); planning of the production of concrete outcomes (products, services or programs) [41,66] Activity Implementing participation of stakeholders in the delivery of services and programs [42] Activity Evaluating usability testing of prototypes and products [47] and state actors and the public to assess the quality of public services [70,86]; provide constructive feedback on services, interventions or products to researchers [56]; feedback may be collected through the administration of pre-and post-initiative questionnaires or engagement in focus groups [53,59]; feedback is collected and used to improve services [56]…”

Section: Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The framework would then rely on identified parties co-creating the evidence and the outcome and, thus, the knowledge obtained. Some research has focused on "how to" co-create, especially in health and community settings [18]; however, there remains a lack of consensus on the meaning and use of the term co-creation of new knowledge. Many terms are used interchangeably and with ill-defined or no definition as to the meaning behind the terms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is the Co-Creation of New Knowledge? A Content Analysis and Proposed Definition for Health Interventions

Pearce

Maple

Shakeshaft

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Co-creation of new knowledge has the potential to speed up the discovery and application of new knowledge into practice. However, the progress of co-creation is hindered by a lack of definitional clarity and inconsistent use of terminology. The aim of this paper is to propose a new standardised definition of co-creation of new knowledge for health interventions based on the existing co-creation literature. The authors completed a systematic search of electronic databases and Google Scholar using 10 of the most frequently used co-creation-related keywords to identify relevant studies. Qualitative content analysis was performed, and two reviewers independently tested the categorisation of papers. Of the 6571 papers retrieved, 42 papers met the inclusion criteria. Examination of the current literature on co-creation demonstrated how the variability of co-creation-related terms can be reduced to four collaborative processes: co-ideation, co-design, co-implementation and co-evaluation. Based on these four processes, a new definition of co-creation of new knowledge for health interventions is proposed. The analysis revealed the need to address the conceptual ambiguity of the definition of “co-creation of new knowledge”. The proposed new definition may help to resolve the current definitional issues relating to co-creation, allowing researchers and policymakers to progress the development of co-creation of new knowledge in research and practice.

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Section: Search Protocol and Screening Of Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

What is the Co-Creation of New Knowledge? A Content Analysis and Proposed Definition for Health Interventions

Pearce

Maple

Shakeshaft

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…19,20 Despite promising findings, real-life implementation of the AF screening service in this setting is limited by multiple barriers, including inadequate follow-up. 21,22 Integration of pharmacists within surgeries may overcome these hurdles and simultaneously increase general practice capacity. 23 Launched in 2015, the 'Clinical Pharmacists in General Practice' pilot created >1500 pharmacist vacancies in general practice surgeries to alleviate GP workload by reviewing patients with long-term illnesses or managing common ailments.…”

Section: How This Fits Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists detecting atrial fibrillation in general practice: a qualitative focus group study

et al. 2020

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BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) affects up to 10% of people aged ≥65 years, yet a third of all cases remain undetected. Practice-based pharmacists are in an ideal position to facilitate opportunistic AF screening, while increasing general practice capacity at a time of workforce crisis.AimTo explore the perspectives of three stakeholder groups involved in the ‘Pharmacists Detecting Atrial Fibrillation’ (PDAF) study to elucidate the facilitators and barriers to pharmacist-led AF screening in general practice.Design & settingA qualitative study took place, comprising homogeneous focus groups with stakeholders in Kent, UK.MethodThe stakeholder groups — patients, general practice staff (GPS), and clinical pharmacists (CPs) — were recruited using convenience sampling. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a deductive Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) approach.ResultsTwenty-five patients, four pharmacists, and nine practice staff participated in six focus groups. Three main themes were identified: knowledge and awareness; prioritisation of resources; and environmental considerations. The public’s lack of awareness of AF-related risks and pharmacist-led screening services was highlighted. Practice-based pharmacists were perceived as an underutilised educational resource which, together with novel electrocardiogram devices, enabled convenient access to screening while reducing GPs’ workload. Participants agreed that AF screening should be incorporated into personalised health checks and at-risk groups should be prioritised, such as care home residents. Patients favoured the general practice environment over the community pharmacy where concerns of privacy, staffing, and commercialisation were raised.ConclusionThe findings of this study support the introduction of pharmacist-led AF screening programmes in general practice surgeries. Commissioners should consider the added value of utilising CPs and focus on the delivery of AF screening within an integrated service.

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“…Although the principal purpose of this study is not stakeholder identi cation, they de ned the stakeholders as all those who are directly or indirectly in uential on the service. As a result, potential service users, service providers, general practitioner, cardiologists, heart failure nurse practitioner, research nurse, and a representative from the local Stroke Foundation were considered (14). Hossain LN and colleagues focused on pharmacy services funded by the government.…”

Section: Lessons From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Recognition of Key Role Players in Community Pharmacy

Afzali

Rajabzadeh

Soleymani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Although private community pharmacies are identified as health care facilities, they are highly affected by business management issues and different stakeholders. This study aims to identify, classify and analyze private community pharmacy stakeholders.Methods: A focus group was conducted with key informants to analyze and classify stakeholders using three-dimensional matrix. Identified stakeholders were analyzed regarding three attributes of power, legitimacy and urgency. The results of the focus group were converted to a structured questionnaire and confirmed in several face-to-face interviews until the saturation level.Results: four main levels of relationship and eight category of stakeholders differentiated through an analysis. The core stakeholders group possesses all the attributes and include pharmacy licensee, licensee-owner, responsible pharmacist, customer, prescriber, health insurance, regulatory body, and staff.Conclusion: The core stakeholders are directly involved in decision making. Further deliberations are necessary to analyze the behavior of stakeholders and investigate the communication model.

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A stakeholder co-design approach for developing a community pharmacy service to enhance screening and management of atrial fibrillation

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

What is the Co-Creation of New Knowledge? A Content Analysis and Proposed Definition for Health Interventions

What is the Co-Creation of New Knowledge? A Content Analysis and Proposed Definition for Health Interventions

Pharmacists detecting atrial fibrillation in general practice: a qualitative focus group study

Toward a Recognition of Key Role Players in Community Pharmacy

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