A statistical analysis of the auto thermal fast pyrolysis of elephant grass in fluidized bed reactor based on produced charcoal

Mesa-Pérez, Juan Miguel; Cortez, Luı́s Augusto Barbosa; Marín-Mesa, Henry R.; Rocha, José Dilcio; Peláez-Samaniego, Manuel Raúl; Cascarosa, Esther

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.12.072

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The results from elemental analysis of the chars are in general agreement with the trends reported in literature. [ 31 ] The chars contain low amounts of carbon and hydrogen relative to the amounts present in the feedstock (≤10 wt% for carbon and ≤5 wt% for hydrogen).…”

Section: Results—feedstock Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are no reports (to our knowledge) on the fast pyrolysis of Pennisetum purpureum species for bio-oil production. Mesa-Perez et al [ 31 ] examined the fast pyrolysis of elephant grass in a 200 kg/h pilot plant for charcoal production but bio-oil and gas yields were not given. Slow pyrolysis studies of elephant grass have been reported using fixed-bed reactor configurations [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Pyrolysis Behavior of Banagrass as a Function of Temperature and Volatiles Residence Time in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

2015

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A reactor was designed and commissioned to study the fast pyrolysis behavior of banagrass as a function of temperature and volatiles residence time. Four temperatures between 400 and 600°C were examined as well as four residence times between ~1.0 and 10 seconds. Pyrolysis product distributions of bio-oil, char and permanent gases were determined at each reaction condition. The elemental composition of the bio-oils and chars was also assessed. The greatest bio-oil yield was recorded when working at 450°C with a volatiles residence time of 1.4 s, ~37 wt% relative to the dry ash free feedstock (excluding pyrolysis water). The amounts of char (organic fraction) and permanent gases under these conditions are ~4 wt% and 8 wt% respectively. The bio-oil yield stated above is for 'dry' bio-oil after rotary evaporation to remove solvent, which results in volatiles and pyrolysis water being removed from the bio-oil. The material removed during drying accounts for the remainder of the pyrolysis products. The 'dry' bio-oil produced under these conditions contains ~56 wt% carbon which is ~40 wt% of the carbon present in the feedstock. The oxygen content of the 450°C, 1.4 s 'dry' bio-oil is ~38 wt%, which accounts for ~33 wt% of the oxygen in the feedstock. At higher temperature or longer residence time less bio-oil and char is recovered and more gas and light volatiles are produced. Increasing the temperature has a more significant effect on product yields and composition than increasing the volatiles residence time. At 600°C and a volatiles residence time of 1.2 seconds the bio-oil yield is ~21 wt% of the daf feedstock, with a carbon content of 64 wt% of the bio-oil. The bio-oil yield from banagrass is significantly lower than from woody biomass or grasses such as switchgrass or miscanthus, but is similar to barley straw. The reason for the low bio-oil yield from banagrass is thought to be related to its high ash content (8.5 wt% dry basis) and high concentration of alkali and alkali earth metals (totaling ~2.8 wt% relative to the dry feedstock) which are catalytic and increase cracking reactions during pyrolysis.

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Section: Results—feedstock Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Pyrolysis Behavior of Banagrass as a Function of Temperature and Volatiles Residence Time in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

2015

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“…This company specializes in the development of fractionation strategies to obtain different products from bio-oils. Bioware is a Brazilian company commercializing auto-thermal fluidized bed reactors 172 to produce bio-oil, char and phenolic resins (https://www.bioware.com.br). Nettenergy BV is a private company from the Netherlands (http://www.nettenergy.com/index.php/en/) that built a 100 kg/h mobile unit with a unique multi-stage compact separation design 42 .…”

Section: Fast Pyrolysis Reactors For High Yields Of Bio-oil Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Developments of Pyrolysis Reactors: A Review

et al. 2017

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This paper provides a review on pyrolysis technologies, focusing on reactor designs and companies commercializing this technology. The renewed interest on pyrolysis is driven by the potential to convert lignocellulosic materials into bio-oil and biochar and the use of these intermediates for the production bio-fuels, biochemicals and engineered biochars for environmental services. This review presents slow, intermediate, fast and microwave pyrolysis as complementary technologies that share some commonalities in their designs. While slow pyrolysis technologies (traditional carbonization kilns) use wood trunks to produce char chunks for cooking, fast pyrolysis systems process small particles to maximize bio-oil yield. The realization of the environmental issues associated with the use of carbonization technologies and the technical difficulties to operate fast pyrolysis reactors using sand as heating media and large volumes of carrier gas, as well as the problems to refine resulting highly oxygenated oils, are forcing the thermochemical conversion community to rethink the design and use of these reactors. Intermediate pyrolysis reactors (also known as converters) offer opportunities for the large scale balanced production of char and biooil. The capacity of these reactors to process forest and agricultural wastes without much preprocessing is a clear advantage. Microwave pyrolysis is an option for modular small autonomous devises for solid waste management.

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“…The lignocellulosic biomass is a natural complex carbohydrate polymer composed of mainly lignin, celluloses and hemicelluloses. Other than these main components, biomass contains small amounts of other substances, namely extractives, moisture and ash found in the plants' cellular walls [7]. Since most of biomasses have relatively low heating values (∼16 MJ/kg) and high-moisture contents in their current form than fosil fuels with high heating values and low moisture content, it is not always suitable for direct use in combustion processes [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic pyrolysis of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and character

Aysu

Durak

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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A statistical analysis of the auto thermal fast pyrolysis of elephant grass in fluidized bed reactor based on produced charcoal

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Fast Pyrolysis Behavior of Banagrass as a Function of Temperature and Volatiles Residence Time in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Fast Pyrolysis Behavior of Banagrass as a Function of Temperature and Volatiles Residence Time in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

Historical Developments of Pyrolysis Reactors: A Review

Catalytic pyrolysis of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and character

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