A Statistical Study of Poleward Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Over the African and American Sectors During Geomagnetic Storms

Abstract

Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during geomagnetic storms are usually associated with solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling that leads to the surge in the generation of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) as a result of enhanced Lorentz coupling, Joule heating, and particle precipitation in auroral/high-latitude regions (e.g, Balthazor

The Effect of Energy Deposition Hemispherical Asymmetry on Characteristics of LSTIDs During 17 March 2015 Geomagnetic Storm

“…In addition the same procedure used by Seemala (2023) is adopted to estimate the differential code biases. To reduce errors associated to multipath, satellites with elevation mask above 20° were considered (Habarulema et al., 2016, 2022). Fourth order polynomial is fitted to estimate the background TEC variability ( V 0 ) (Habarulema et al., 2016, 2018; Valladares et al., 2009), for each satellite's receiver considered, as shown in Equation .…”

“…Therefore, detection and characterization of LSTIDs have both a scientific value and significant practical importance for efficiency of technologies that utilize RF propagation through the ionosphere. For the same reason, ever since they were first reported by Munro (1948), a huge number of studies are devoted in studying LSTIDs by multitude techniques for many years, including ionosondes (e.g., Altadill et al., 2020; Reinisch et al., 2018), airglow imagers (e.g., Otsuka et al., 2004; Shiokawa et al., 2003), incoherent scatter radars (e.g., Vlasov et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2021), and HF Doppler sounders radars (e.g., Crowley et al., 2016; N. A. Frissell et al., 2016), and GPS total electron content (TEC) observations (e.g., Afraimovich et al., 2001; Habarulema et al., 2013, 2018, 2022; Zakharenkova et al., 2016).…”

“…Large scale TIDs (LSTIDs) are excited almost solely in response of the ionosphere to AGWs triggered by high latitudinal sources such as Joule heating, Lorentz forces, and intense particle precipitations during the geomagnetic storms and sub-storms in auroral zone (Habarulema et al, 2018(Habarulema et al, , 2022Hines, 1960;Hunsucker, 1982;Munro, 1948). LSTIDs have horizontal speeds between 400 and 1,000 m/s, periods between 30 and 180 min, and horizontal wavelengths exceeding 1,000 km (Habarulema et al, 2018(Habarulema et al, , 2022Hines, 1960;Hunsucker, 1982;Munro, 1948).…”

Travelling ionospheric disturbances detection: A statistical study of detrending techniques, induced period error and near real-time observables

“…Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) are plasma density fluctuations propagating as waves through the ionosphere at a wide range of frequencies and velocities (Hooke, 1968;Hines, 1974;Kersley & Hughes, 1989;Hocke & Schlegel, 1996;Hernández-Pajares et al, 2012;Habarulema et al, 2022) and are usually classified according to those parameters into Small, Medium, and Large scale TIDs (SSTID, MSTID, and LSTID, respectively). Specifically, LSTIDs are characterized by periods between 45 and 180 minutes and phase velocities that are in the 300-1000 m/s range (Hocke & Schlegel, 1996;Borries et al, 2009;Katamzi et al, 2012;Thaganyana et al, 2022).…”

“…The last two detrending techniques are based on polynomial fitting: polynomial detrending and Sovitsky-Golay filtering (Schafer, 2011). Polynomial detrending works by removing the best-fit polynomial from the time series; in the literature, polynomials of different orders have been used to detect both MSTIDs and LSTIDs Pradipta et al, 2014Pradipta et al, , 2016Habarulema et al, 2016Habarulema et al, , 2022. The Savitsky-Golay filter is a more sophisticated version of the polynomial detrending where the polynomial fitting is performed on a sliding window (Wang et al, 2007;Katamzi et al, 2012;Coster et al, 2017).…”