A step to a uniform definition and interpretation of the suspension effect

Oman, S.

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00242-8

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An acceptable explanation of this phenomenon follows from a detailed analysis of the suspension cells (combinations 1 and 2, or 5 and 6) and from their cell potential differences, ∆E, from which the corresponding pH differences can be calculated; this explanation is supported by recent experimental observations [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…E ref is the potential of the RE, E g is the potential of the glass electrode. E j (S A ) and E j (A) are the liquid junction potentials; these are of negligible magnitude due to the approximately equal transport numbers of K + and Cl -, as established by potentiometric measurements [3,13].…”

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, which can be approximated to E j (A) -E j,anomal (B), as E j (S A ) and E j (S B ) are negligible [3]. This difference occurs because in cell [B] the filling solution, which diffuses from the salt bridge into the suspension, exchanges K + for the H + counterions of the particles, which changes the ion arrangement in the suspension and most importantly affects the approximate equality of ion transport numbers in the KCl diffusion front.…”

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference occurs because in cell [B] the filling solution, which diffuses from the salt bridge into the suspension, exchanges K + for the H + counterions of the particles, which changes the ion arrangement in the suspension and most importantly affects the approximate equality of ion transport numbers in the KCl diffusion front. This effect is termed an anomalous liquid junction potential and represents the suspension effect of the second kind, SE 2, as defined in [2,3,10]. The second component of the potential difference is E g,mix (B) -E g (A); this results from the small suspension particles making intimate contact with the electrode surface, and is called the suspension effect of the first kind, SE 1 [3,11].…”

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is termed an anomalous liquid junction potential and represents the suspension effect of the second kind, SE 2, as defined in [2,3,10]. The second component of the potential difference is E g,mix (B) -E g (A); this results from the small suspension particles making intimate contact with the electrode surface, and is called the suspension effect of the first kind, SE 1 [3,11]. This arises because the electrode is in contact with the (true) eqs and at the same time in intimate contact with charged particles.…”

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)

Oman

Camões

Powell

et al. 2007

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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An explanation of the origin and interpretation of the suspension effect (SE) is presented in accordance with "pH Measurement: IUPAC Recommendations 2002" [Pure Appl. Chem.74, 2169 (2002)]. It is based on an analysis of detailed schemes of suspension potentiometric cells and confirmed with experimental results. Historically, the term "suspension effect" evolved during attempts to determine electrochemically the thermodynamically defined activity of H+ (aq) in suspensions. The experimental SE arises also in determining other pIon values, analogous to pH values.The SE relates to the observation that for the potential generated when a pair of electrodes (e.g., reference electrode, RE, and glass electrode) is placed in a suspension, the measured cell voltage is different from that measured when they are both placed in the separate equilibrium solution (eqs). The SE is defined here as the sum of: (1) the difference between the mixed potential of the indicator electrode (IE) in a suspension and the IE potential placed in the separated eqs; and (2) the anomalous liquid junction potential of the RE placed in the suspension. It is not the consequence of a boundary potential between the sediment and its eqs in the suspension potentiometric cells as is stated in the current definition of the SE.

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confidence: 83%

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detailed Schemes For Potentiometric Cells Used In Suspensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)

Oman

Camões

Powell

et al. 2007

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Time‐resolved in‐situ pH measurement in differently treated, saturated and unsaturated soils

Thiele‐Bruhn

Wessel‐Bothe²,

Aust

2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The pH-value is of utmost relevance for soil properties and functioning. Hence, a time-resolved in-situ measurement is mandatory but lacking. As an alternative, a two-probe pH electrode with gel-covered reference electrode was newly constructed and tested for a continuous, in-situ pH recording in saturated and unsaturated soil. This was done using samples from a set of 14 soils with different composition and pH CaCl 2 ranging from 3.5 to 7.5 in batch and repacked soil column experiments. In the latter, changes in pH and redox potential were monitored upon transport of citrate-phosphate buffer and pig slurry through the soil columns. The pH measurements were largely stable even upon substantial shifts in soil moisture content down to air-dry conditions. The results of the pH measurements agreed with standard methods using settled soil suspensions in electrolyte solutions and the conventional combination (single-probe) pH electrode. Testing the suspension effect, it was found that measuring pH directly in the soil is recommended. The pH measured in-situ was closest to pH values determined in 0.01 M CaCl 2 suspensions according to DIN ISO 10390 (DIN, 2005). The transport of citrate buffer and pig slurry as pH active substances through soil induced strong effects on the pH and in part on the redox potential; the reversible effects lasted over days, which may affect the mobility and speciation of nutrients and pollutants as well as microbial processes.

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Exo-enzyme like degradation of a polysaccharide by an inorganic solid acid catalyst

Fornefett

Buttersack

2018

Carbohydrate Polymers

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A step to a uniform definition and interpretation of the suspension effect

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)

Guidelines for potentiometric measurements in suspensions Part A. The suspension effect (IUPAC Technical Report)

Time‐resolved in‐situ pH measurement in differently treated, saturated and unsaturated soils

Exo-enzyme like degradation of a polysaccharide by an inorganic solid acid catalyst

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