A sting in the tail—are antibodies against the C‐terminus of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein protective?

Murdoch, Jem; Baum, Jake

doi:10.15252/emmm.202317556

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Malaria is a significant public health threat worldwide. The disease triggers the activation of various blood clotting processes, which lead to platelet activation, disruption of the balance between coagulation and anticoagulation factors, and endothelial cell dysfunction [ 31 ]. Despite its endemicity in Ethiopia, no prior study has explored the changes in coagulation parameters in patients infected with Plasmodium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring coagulation parameters as predictive biomarkers of Plasmodium infection: A comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters

Tesfaye,

Derso,

Zeleke

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Malaria affects the intravascular environment, leading to abnormal coagulation activation, prolonged prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Despite the high prevalence of malaria in the study area, there has been little published research on the effects of Plasmodium infection on coagulation parameters. Objective The aim was to assess the effect of malaria on basic coagulation parameters among patients attending Dembia Primary Hospital and Makisegnit Health Center. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2020. The study involved 120 participants. Blood specimens were collected, which were analyzed using a Huma Clot Due Plus analyzer. The collected data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Non-parametric statistical methods were employed to analyze the data. The results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. Results Individuals infected with Plasmodium exhibit coagulation disorders with elevated levels of PT (Prothrombin Time), APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time), and INR (International Normalization Ratio) in comparison to healthy controls. The median PT, APTT, and INR values for infected cases were measured at 20.5 [8.6], 39.5 [17.9], and 1.8 [0.9], respectively, while healthy controls had measurements of 15.1 [2.5], 28.8 [8.3], and 1.3 [0.2] (p ≤ 0.001). The severity of coagulation disorders increased with an increase in parasitemia levels. The type of Plasmodium species present had a significant impact on PT and INR values (p ≤ 0.001), whereas APTT did not show any significant impact across the Plasmodium species (p > 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study found that malaria has a substantial impact on various blood clotting parameters, including PT, APTT, and INR. Parasitemia severity is significantly associated with extended PT and INR, implying that the higher the parasitemia, the longer it takes for blood to clot. Furthermore, the study discovered that the PT and INR levels differed based on the type of Plasmodium species responsible for the infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring coagulation parameters as predictive biomarkers of Plasmodium infection: A comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters

Tesfaye,

Derso,

Zeleke

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Microscopic prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in Gorgora, western Dembia, Northwest Ethiopia: exploring hidden threats during minor transmission season

Cherkos,

Derso,

Lemma

et al. 2024

Malar J

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Background Malaria poses a significant public health threat globally, particularly in African regions, where asymptomatic malaria is a considerable logistic problem. Individuals with asymptomatic malaria do not seek treatment, and thus they are invisible to health facilities and represent a substantial hidden reservoir of Plasmodium species. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in Gorgora, western Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2023 in the Gorgora area, Western Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Giemsa-stained blood smear microscopy was employed for the diagnosis of Plasmodium species. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated factors. Results Among the 357 individuals who participated in this study, 9.2% (33/357) [95% CI 6.40–12.70: p = 0.000] were confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium species. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax accounted for 66.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Not using bed nets [AOR = 7.3, 95% CI 2.08–23.46, p = 0.006)], previous malaria history [AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.01–6.45, p = 0.041], outdoor activities at night [AOR = 8.3, 95% CI 3.21–21.30, p = 0.000], and family size [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.18–9.22, p = 0.023] were significantly associated with asymptomatic malaria (p < 0.05). Conclusions A considerable proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections was found which likely act as a reservoir of transmission. This has implications for ongoing malaria control programmes that are based on the treatment of symptomatic patients and highlight the need for intervention strategies targeting asymptomatic carriers. Not using bed nets, engaging in outdoor activities at night, and having a family size of more than five increased the odds of developing asymptomatic malaria. The district health office and health extension workers should collaborate to promote the regular use of mosquito bed nets among community residents.

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A sting in the tail—are antibodies against the C‐terminus of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein protective?

Murdoch

Baum

2023

EMBO Mol Med

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Malaria remains a huge burden on global public health. Annually there are more than 200 million cases with > 600,000 deaths worldwide, the vast majority of which occur within Sub‐Saharan Africa (WHO; World Malaria Report, 2021). Malaria disease is the consequence of infection by a protozoan parasite from the genus Plasmodium with most morbidity and mortality caused by P. falciparum. With rates of infection plateauing and rebounding in some areas (in particular, as a result of the disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic), there have been increasing calls for new initiatives that can reduce malaria incidence towards local elimination or the hoped for goal of global eradication. In 2021, the World Health Organisation approved the first malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 (also called Mosquirix™), indicating it to be safe for use in young children and advocating its integration into routine immunisation programmes. Approval of this vaccine clearly represents a major landmark in global efforts towards malaria control and eradication aspirations. RTS,S modest efficacy, however, points at the need to better understand immune responses to the parasite if we hope to design next generation malaria vaccines with increased potency.

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A sting in the tail—are antibodies against the C‐terminus of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein protective?

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Exploring coagulation parameters as predictive biomarkers of Plasmodium infection: A comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters

Exploring coagulation parameters as predictive biomarkers of Plasmodium infection: A comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters

Microscopic prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic malaria in Gorgora, western Dembia, Northwest Ethiopia: exploring hidden threats during minor transmission season

A sting in the tail—are antibodies against the C‐terminus of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein protective?

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