A street-scale simulation model for the cooling performance of urban greenery: Evidence from a high-density city

Huang, Jianxiang; Hao, Tongping; Wang, Yali; Jones, Phil

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.103908

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Not taking into account plant watering time. [27] When a data-driven approach is employed, usually a back-box model between the inputs and outputs is developed, e.g., a neural network model. The development of a neural network model requires the collection of actual operation data in buildings to predict building energy consumption [28], indoor temperature [29,30], etc.…”

Section: Coupling Methods To Evaluate the Impact Of Outdoor Environme...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high-density cities, the cooling effect of greening is not obvious due to the lack of land for outdoor greening and the low sunshine level due to the shading effect of neighborhood buildings. Shade-tolerant plants should be selected, and the reduction in transpiration and photosynthesis caused by low sunshine should also be considered [27]. In this case, vertical greening is a good choice to replace urban space greening.…”

Section: Greeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on the Impact of Outdoor Environment on Indoor Thermal Environment

Lin,

Huang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Outdoor environment exchanges heat with indoor environment, enabling pollutants to infiltrate indoors, affecting buildings’ energy efficiency, comfort, and indoor air quality. Investigating the impact of the outdoor environment on the indoor thermal environment is crucial. Firstly, this paper reviews the coupling method to link the outdoor environment with the indoor environment. Secondly, it examines the impact of the outdoor physical environment, including neighboring buildings, greening, road surface, water body, and sky, on the indoor thermal environment. During the hottest summer, an increase of 17% in trees can reduce indoor temperature by 1.1 °C. Thirdly, the impact of weather conditions, including outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, external wind, global warming, extreme weather conditions, and solar radiation, on the indoor thermal environment is studied. Due to global warming, cooling energy consumption and heating energy consumption in 2050 could increase by 223% to 1050%, and heating demand could decrease by 36% to 58%. Finally, the impact of outdoor air pollution on indoor environment and energy consumption is analyzed. For every 75 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, average power consumption could increase by 11.2%. Recommendations for future research are provided. This study contributes to the understanding of the outdoor–indoor thermal relationship and offers insights into enhancing indoor thermal comfort and reducing building energy consumption.

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Section: Coupling Methods To Evaluate the Impact Of Outdoor Environme...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Greeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Impact of Outdoor Environment on Indoor Thermal Environment

Lin,

Huang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Buildings

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“…The promotion of pocket parks began late in China, but the theories and procedures have developed rapidly with the encouragement of national policy since 2014. Earlier relevant studies in China mainly concern pocket parks as components of green infrastructures and concentrate on supplybased ecosystem services such as climate adaptation [17,18], storm control [19,20], urban heat island effect mitigation [21,22], air quality improvement [23] and wind environment improvement [24]. With the 'Healthy Cities Movements ' [25] and the increasing percentage of urban residents suffering from chronic physical and psychological diseases, scholars soon realized that an important aspect of pocket park services is to introduce people to restorative experiences and encourage them to have outdoor social connections.…”

Section: Park Prescription Program and The Potential Of Pocket Parksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Pocket Park Prescription Program for Human Restoration: An Approach That Encourages Both People and the Environment

Yin,

Shao,

Wang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Healing through nature has long been confirmed as an efficient way to improve human physical and psychological health in contemporary urban life. This concept evolved into the well-known Park Prescription Program. However, the psychological restoration imparted by nature was not particularly emphasized in the original Park Prescription Program; it primarily addresses the regulation of physical activities. The quality of urban parks may affect how well people pursue these prescriptions, but the program rarely includes designers among its stakeholders. This study is inspired by the Park Prescription Program, and its intent is to develop a Pocket Park Prescription Program that encourages usage by active people and proper landscape design. The inclusion of designers has been found to be extremely important for pocket parks since they are limited in size but have the advantages of high flexibility and accessibility, and their restorative potential needs be maximized with the limited resources available. Ten pocket parks with distinct functional and landscape attributes were selected in Shanghai as research sites. The Restorative Component Scale was designed into a questionnaire-based survey to measure how people perceived restorative experiences in each site. The onsite survey also incorporated questions investigating people’s behaviour characteristics of using these pocket parks. Site photos were taken and analysed with semantic image segmentation to indicate the landscape compositions of each site. The relations between people perceived restorativeness and parks’ using patterns and landscape characteristics were then explored with correlation analysis to provide cues on instructing how people’s visiting behavior and park landscape design can be improved. The results suggest there are better restoration results when people stay longer in pocket parks, and when people visit their neighborhood pocket parks two to three times a week, these benefits are further enhanced. This study also found that when these prescribed health behaviors are uncertain, the restorative experiences perceived by people can be improved with design interventions in regard to landscape elements such as vegetation, person, decorative lamps, pavement and terrain. These interventions should be made also in consideration of specific park functions. The research outcome intends to show that designers should be included as stakeholders in the Pocket Park Prescription Program, and it is expected to guide individuals towards effectively using pocket parks for restoration. This is to ensure that both the design and the people’s perspectives will be strengthened through the implementation of this program.

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“…The rate of latent heat absorption (𝑞 𝐺 𝐸𝑇 ) from a tree canopy was modelled using the Penman-Monteith formula (Allen et al, 1998). This approach has been previously evaluated in field studies using infrared thermal imaging of tree leaves in Hong Kong (Huang et al, 2022).…”

Section: Tree Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Tree Locations to Reduce Human Heat Stress in an Urban Park

Hao¹,

Zhao²,

Huang³

2022

Preprint

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Trees provide cooling benefits through shading and evapotranspiration; they are regarded as an important measure in heat-resilient urban planning and policies. Knowing where to plant trees for maximum cooling benefits, given practical and resource constraints, remains a challenge in both practice and research. Literature in the field of tree modelling and location optimization is limited, either by the incompleteness in accounting for tree shading, evapotranspiration, and the modifying effect of wind, or by the slow-running speed of the Computational Fluid Dynamics model, making them less applicable in practice. This paper describes a novel method to search for the optimal locations for trees to maximize their cooling benefits in an urban environment. A non-CFD simulation model was applied to assess on-site heat stress under the influences of trees, which was evaluated using field measurements conducted under hot, temperate, and cool weather conditions in an urban park in Hong Kong. It was then linked to a genetic algorithm in search of a near-optimal tree layout. The proposed method was tested in the same park, and it can automatically identify locations to plant new trees to minimize heat stress, subject to practical constraints such as avoiding existing buildings and utilities. It can also identify the optimal layout to rearrange the existing 55 trees, hypothetically, which is expected to cool the park (around 30,000 m2) by up to 0.3 ℃ in the site average UTCI equivalent temperature compared with the worse scenario. Trees can cool the most if they are concentrated on the leeward side of the park relative to the prevailing wind, rather than spread evenly. The new method runs significantly faster than existing approaches, and it can inform research and landscape design practices concerning park cooling as a goal.

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A street-scale simulation model for the cooling performance of urban greenery: Evidence from a high-density city

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

A Review on the Impact of Outdoor Environment on Indoor Thermal Environment

A Review on the Impact of Outdoor Environment on Indoor Thermal Environment

Developing a Pocket Park Prescription Program for Human Restoration: An Approach That Encourages Both People and the Environment

Optimization of Tree Locations to Reduce Human Heat Stress in an Urban Park

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