“…In terms of other participant characteristics, self-care behavior significantly differed according to age [ 6 , 8 , 26 , 29 , 30 ], sex [ 6 , 31 , 32 ], marital status [ 6 , 8 ], economic status [ 5 ], HD-related education and social support [ 7 ], primary cause of ESRD, and occupation [ 30 ]. However, some studies [ 3 , 4 , 33 , 34 ] observed no significant differences in self-care behavior according to participant characteristics. In addition, regardless of the frequency, self-care behavior education and self-care behavior were almost the same.…”