A structural equation model of the effect of poverty and unemployment on alcohol abuse

Khan, Shaila; Murray, Robert P.; Barnes, Gordon E.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00181-2

Cited by 127 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Other research has found poverty to be associated with alcohol problems, particularly neighborhood-level poverty and long-term poverty (Jones-Webb et al, 1997;Khan et al, 2002;Kost and Smyth, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Social Disadvantage, Stress, and Alcohol Use Among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans: Findings From the 2005 U.S. National Alcohol Survey

Mulia

Zemore

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

213

175

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Social Disadvantage, Stress, and Alcohol Use Among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans: Findings From the 2005 U.S. National Alcohol Survey

Mulia

Zemore

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

213

175

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“…HB antigen prevalence and alcohol abuse and finallyliver cancer are higher in people who have low socioeconomic status because the persons more exposed to risk factors and have poor access to health care system. As a result, higher incidence and mortality rates were observed among them (Akil and Ahmad, 2011;Joshi et al, 2008;Karlamangla et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2002;Loucks et al, 2007;Roblin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world

Arabsalmani¹,

Mirzaei²,

Ghoncheh³

et al. 2016

Biomed Res Ther

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Abstract-Background: Information on the incidence and mortality of liver cancer can be useful for health programs and research activities, and with regard to the possible role of the HDI and liver cancer, this study aimed to investigate incidence and mortality from the cancer and their relationship with the indicator and its components in 2012 in world. Methods: In this ecologic study, data were extracted from GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the World Bank. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer were reported by regions in the world. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Correlation coefficient test. Results: There was a total of 782,451 incidence cases. Of these patients, 228, 082 cases (29.15 %) were women and 554, 369 cases (70.85 %) men, and there were 745,533 deaths. Of the deaths, 224, 492 cases (30.11 %) occurred in women and 521, 041 cases (69.89 %) men were recorded in the world in 2012. Results showed that there was a significant inverse correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and HDI (r=-0.345, p≤0.001), as well significant inverse correlation was seen between age-specific mortality rate (ASMR), and HDI and its components. Conclusion: Liver cancer incidence and mortality are higher in the medium HDI countries. The relationship between the standardized incidence and mortality of liver cancer with HDI and its components, including life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and income level per person was significantly negative.

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“…Tellegen (1997) cited by Bryceson (1999) showed that alcohol consumption in the agricultural production sector tended to divert resources from productive investment. Whether excessive alcohol consumption is due to poverty (Khan et al, 2002) or poverty results from alcohol consumption is open to debate. Fig.…”

Section: Maize Self-sufficiency At Farm Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring opportunities for rural livelihoods and food security in Central Mozambique

Leonardo

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Growing awareness of widespread hunger and poverty in many countries in the SSA is spurring a focus on productivity increase in smallholder farming systems. The rationale is that with current production systems many SSA countries are not keeping pace with population growth and changing of peoples' lifestyles. To respond to this challenge the Government of Mozambique developed its Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development (PEDSA) aiming to improve agricultural productivity of the majority of smallholder farmers who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Smallholder farmers are diverse in terms of resources and aspirations. The main objectives of this study are first to understand the diversity among maize-based smallholder farms and their current constraints in improving agricultural productivity in the Manica Plateau, Central Mozambique, and second, building on that understanding to explore options for biomass production either for food, cash or biofuel at farm level and contributions to maize availability in the region. The study was conducted in the Dombe and Zembe Administrative Posts. Farmers in the two posts cultivate both food and cash crops using the same resources, however, distances to the urban market differ, with Zembe close and Dombe far away from the markets. In addition, the agroecological conditions for crop production are more favourable in Dombe compared with Zembe. Using farm surveys, direct observations and on-farm measurements, followed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) I identified land and labour as the variables that can best explain the variability found among smallholder farms (Chapter 2). Based on these variables I categorised farms into four Farm Types (FT): FT1. Large farms (4.4 ha in Dombe and 2.2 ha in Zembe), hiring in labour; FT2. Intermediate sized farms (1.9-1.2 ha), hiring in and out labour; FT3a. Small farms (1.1-0.9 ha), sharing labour; and FT3b. Small farms (1.0-0.7 ha), hiring out labour. The maize yield and maize labour productivities were higher on large farms (2.3 t ha -1 in Dombe and 2.0 t ha -1 in Zembe; 2.5×10 -3 t h -1 in Dombe and 2.6 ×10 -3 t h -1 in Zembe) compared with small farms (1.5 t ha -1 in Dombe and 1.1 t ha -1 in Zembe;1.4×10 -3 t h -1 in Dombe and 0.9×10 -3 t h -1 in Zembe). The hiring in labour from small farms allowed large farms to timely weed their fields. Small farms were resource constrained and viii hired out labour (mutrakita) for cash or food to the detriment of weeding their own fields, resulting in poor crop yields. Excessive alcohol consumption by small farms also raised concerns on labour quality. Chapter 3 explored options aiming at addressing farmers' objectives of being maize self-sufficient and increased gross margin and the contribution to national objective of producing food. A bio-economic farm model was used to investigate two pathways to increase agricultural production: (i) extensification, expanding the current cultivated area; and (ii) intensification, increasing input use and output per unit of land...

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A structural equation model of the effect of poverty and unemployment on alcohol abuse

Cited by 127 publications

References 40 publications

Social Disadvantage, Stress, and Alcohol Use Among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans: Findings From the 2005 U.S. National Alcohol Survey

Social Disadvantage, Stress, and Alcohol Use Among Black, Hispanic, and White Americans: Findings From the 2005 U.S. National Alcohol Survey

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer and their relationship with the human development index in the world

Exploring opportunities for rural livelihoods and food security in Central Mozambique

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