A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

Ali, Mona F.; Mansour, M. H.; Badr, Nour Mohamed; Salem, Mohamed Z. M.

doi:10.1111/arcm.12340

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…5 a), one bacterial [C 4 (15)1] and two fungal [C 4 (15)2 and C 4 (15)3] strains related to S. epidermidis , Penicillium georgiense , and Aspergillus costaricaensis were isolated (Table 3 ), highlighting their great tolerance towards Hg-containing compounds 64 , 65 . Indeed, these fungal strains were responsible, among others, for the darkening of cinnabar ( Shu ), as reported elsewhere 66 . The isolation of S. epidermidis and Hirsutella strains could also derive from anthropogenic/environmental contamination, as they are human and nematode pathogens respectively 63 , 64 , reflecting the artefacts’ poor state of conservation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

Piacenza

Presentato

Salvo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers are unique works of art produced in Japan between 1870 and 1905 and exported in European countries, although only few examples are nowadays present in Europe. So far, neither the wallpapers nor the composing materials have been characterised, limiting the effective conservation–restoration of these artefacts accounting also for the potential deteriogen effects of microorganisms populating them. In the present study, four Kinkarakawa-gami wallpapers were analysed combining physical–chemical and microbiological approaches to obtain information regarding the artefacts’ manufacture, composition, dating, and their microbial community. The validity of these methodologies was verified through a fine in blind statistical analysis, which allowed to identify trends and similarities within these important artefacts. The evidence gathered indicated that these wallpapers were generated between 1885 and 1889, during the so-called industrial production period. A wide range of organic (proteinaceous binders, natural waxes, pigments, and vegetable lacquers) and inorganic (tin foil and pigments) substances were used for the artefacts’ manufacture, contributing to their overall complexity, which also reflects on the identification of a heterogeneous microbiota, often found in Eastern environmental matrices. Nevertheless, whether microorganisms inhabiting these wallpapers determined a detrimental or protective effect is not fully elucidated yet, thus constituting an aspect worth to be explored to deepen the knowledge needed for the conservation of Kinkarakawa-gami over time.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

Piacenza

Presentato

Salvo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It covered the samples numbered 1–7 from Elgohary Mosque in Al-Jamalia district and the samples numbered 8–15 reserved in the project sector at Ismael Elmofatesh Palace in ELsayeda Zeinab District, Cairo, Egypt (Figure 1). For fungi, microbial samples were cultured on five media (Ali et al , 2018): potato dextrose Agar (PDA), malt extract agar (Atlas, 2010), cellulose-czapeks agar, M40Y and dextrose sucrose cellulose agar (DSA cellulose) (Samson, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical study on the relationship between the fungal degradation and multi-component nature of paper manuscripts

Mansour

Hassan

Mahmoud

et al. 2021

PRT

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Purpose This paper aims to identify the most common fungal species that grow on paper manuscripts and cause bio-deterioration. It also detects the impact of additive materials on fungal degrading and builds a wide database. Thus, it helps conservators understand this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach In total, 15 samples were collected from different paper manuscripts suffering from fungi. The achievement of the study objectives depends on using a variety of analyzes, such as a microbiological study, which indicated that three main fungi grew on the paper samples. Then, a digital microscope and an environmental scanning electron microscope were used to detect the effect of fungi on paper fibers. Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used to identify the binding medium and the X-ray diffraction method was used to measure the crystallinity index of cellulose of the paper samples. Findings Arabic gum was used as a binder medium with the samples. Aspergillus Niger, Aspergillus Fumigatus and Aspergillus Clavatus were the most common fungal species that grew on the Qur’an papers under investigation. They also caused much common damage to the paper samples. The results of the analyzes also showed that the highest crystallinity index of cellulose was in the samples that contained the lowest rate of fungal growth. Originality/value This paper highlights the relationship between fungal degradation and the multi-component nature of paper manuscripts. It builds a wide database that correlates the composition and the degradation of the Qur’an papers.

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“…The overall change in color indices due to ageing was expressed as ΔE according to the following formula (George 1995;Ali et al 2018;Salem et al 2019),…”

Section: Color Change Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of borax / agar-based gel residues used to neutralize acidity of a historical manuscript with use of different paper barriers: Artificial ageing results

Salim

Abdel-Hamied

Salim

et al. 2020

BioRes

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Borax-agar gel has been used recently in the deacidification and other conservation processes for paper manuscripts. However, the residues of borax-agar can be damaging to the cellulose fibers. Conservators are trying to solve this problem, especially with the great success achieved by the borax / agar based gel in the acidity neutralization and improve the mechanical properties of the paper manuscripts. The current study considers whether the use of paper barriers such as Japanese gampi, linen, and rayon can reduce harmful borax-agar residues. Historical paper specimens were treated with 3% and 6% of agar poultice with different barriers such as rayon, pure linen, and Japanese gampi paper. After drying, the treated paper samples were exposed to hot-moist ageing at 80 °C and 65% relative humidity for 72 h. The role of different barriers used in the reduction of residues from agar poultice and the effect of these residues on cellulose fibers were studied via some analytical techniques, such as digital optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, pH, color change, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used. The results showed that 3% of the agar poultice-borax with a linen barrier gave the best results with no residue left after treatment.

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A Study of Biodeterioration and Chromatic Alterations of Painted and Gilded Mummy Cartonnage at the Saqqara Museum Storeroom, Egypt

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

A combined physical–chemical and microbiological approach to unveil the fabrication, provenance, and state of conservation of the Kinkarakawa-gami art

An analytical study on the relationship between the fungal degradation and multi-component nature of paper manuscripts

Reduction of borax / agar-based gel residues used to neutralize acidity of a historical manuscript with use of different paper barriers: Artificial ageing results

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