A Study of Community and Health Clinic Approaches to Addressing Toxic Stress and Promoting Protective Factors among Families with Infants

Abstract

BackgroundHealth care administrators must promote effective partnerships with community agencies to address social determinants of health, including reducing exposure to chronic stress in early childhood. Important targets for mitigating “toxic” levels of young child exposures are through reducing parents’ experiences of chronic stress as well as protecting children from direct experiences of harm such as physical or sexual abuse. Conducting screening to identify when parents and children are exposed to early life adversity is a first step; bringing in or referring out families to needed support services is an essential component. This paper describes a multi-modal investigation of health care systems innovations to engage and support parents to prevent and mitigate children’s toxic stress exposures through pediatric primary care and community services partnerships.MethodsKey study features include: 1) multi-component, multi-site study in five U.S. communities of pediatric health care clinics and the families they serve, 2) a developmental evaluation approach that describes how systems innovations are experienced over time at three levels (community systems, pediatric providers, and families), and 3) rapid cycle feedback in partnership with communities, clinics and families to co-interpret data and findings. The methodology includes: 1) focus groups and interviews with community stakeholders, clinic staff, and families, 2) electronic health record and Medicaid services data extracted to assess health care quality, and 3) clinic-recruitment of 908 parents of newborns in a longitudinal survey.ResultsThe sample is briefly characterized based on responses to the enrollment phase of the parent survey.ConclusionsWe discuss the study design elements’ contribution to generate evidence needed by innovators, communities, and clinics to modify and sustain investments in these innovations.