A Study of Fuel Cell Scheduling Effect on Local Energy Markets with Heterogeneous Renewable Sources

Spasova, Borislava; Kawamoto, Daisuke; Takefuji, Yoshiyasu

doi:10.3390/en12050854

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Spasova et al [31] studied a fuel cell scheduling impact on local energy markets with multiple renewable sources. The effect of introducing priority-based power management on a communal energy market of prosumers was shown.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On-grid distributed electricity generators are a complex system in which the relationship between the observed parameters. Then, the elaboration of a control action should be carried out on the basis of data on the current state of the object of control in order to guarantee that energy demand and future needs of power from the consumers will be provided and aim the lowest cost for electricity [2,40,45]. Then, the PV array works as the primary source of energy during the day, charging the battery and exporting extra energy production to the grid.…”

Section: Mass and Energy Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of an on-Grid Natural Gas PEMFC - Solar Photovoltaic Micro CHP Unit: Analysis of the Energy, Economic and Environmental Impacts for Residential and Industrial Applications

Gabriel

Braga

Pradelle

et al. 2022

Technol Econ Smart Grids Sustain Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As global natural resources depletion and concern on emission of greenhouse gases intensify, the interest for low emission technologies and the use of renewable energy increased in the world. In this context, this paper aims to present an hybrid energy system for on-grid micro residential and industrial applications. The system is composed of a micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit, including a natural gas (NG) reformer coupled with proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), solar photovoltaic modules (PV) and a bank of batteries (B), connected to the grid through a bidirectional inverter. Different system configurations (PEMFC + PV + B, PEMFC + B, PEMFC + PV), with or without cogeneration of the heat from the CHP system, were investigated to calculate the required NG and electricity flows and assess the economic cost during 10 years of operation in an 2020-2040 horizon. The impact of fuel cell sizing and two electricity tariffs was also assessed for both applications. Afterwards, the cash flow in terms of net present value of a 20 years operation period was simulated within the Brazilian context, yielding estimated paybacks between 7 and 19 years for the simulated cases. Finally, an environmental impact analysis was carried out to investigate the total GHG emissions for some cases of interest in this work. The proposed system could reduce total emissions up to 31% when compared to the complete power and thermal supply by the Brazilian Electricity grid and natural gas heater The results showed that the proposed system were economically viable, relatively low-polluting and more efficient than traditional PV systems. KeywordsCombined heat and power (CHP) unit • Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) • Solar photovoltaic (PV) modules • Batteries (B) • Natural gas (NG) • Simulation * Florian Pradelle

show abstract

“…According to a recent forecast [1], the fuel cell market is projected to grow by at least 500% by 2025 and Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) represent more than 75% of this segment. Despite the rapid diffusion of this type of technology, large improvements are still needed to make these fuel cells cost-effective (currently PEMFCs are over $20/kW more expensive than required for a 500k/year product volume), durable and efficient, thus promoting their adoption in both the stationary and the automotive industries [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%