A study of New Physics searches with tritium and similar molecules

Abstract

Searches for New Physics focus either on the direct production of new particles at colliders or at deviations from known observables at low energies. In order to discover New Physics in precision measurements, both experimental and theoretical uncertainties must be under full control. Laser spectroscopy nowadays offers a tool to measure transition frequencies very precisely. For certain molecular and atomic transitions the experimental technique permits a clean study of possible deviations. Theoretical progress in recent years allows us to compare ab initio calculations with experimental data. We study the impact of a variety of New Physics scenarios on these observables and derive novel constraints on many popular generic Standard Model extensions. As a result, we find that molecular spectroscopy is not competitive with atomic spectroscopy and neutron scattering to probe new electron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions, respectively. Molecular and atomic spectroscopy give similar bounds on new electron-electron couplings, for which, however, stronger bounds can be derived from the magnetic moment of the electron. In most of the parameter space H$$_2$$ 2 molecules give stronger constraints than T$$_2$$ 2 or other isotopologues.

How to Strengthen Constraints on Non-Newtonian Gravity from Measuring the Lateral Casimir Force

“…It was argued [62] that in combination with the optical molecular clocks the spectroscopic measurements in weakly bound molecules could result in up to two orders of magnitude stronger constraints on non-Newtonian gravity than the experiments on neutron scattering. Molecular spectroscopy was also used for constraining different kinds of potentials predicted in various extensions of the Standard Model [63].…”

Constraints on Theoretical Predictions beyond the Standard Model from the Casimir Effect and Some Other Tabletop Physics

“…For example, such kind potentials arise between two fermions due to the massive neutrino-antineutrino exchange where the direct coupling to fermions is effected by the Z bosons [103]. The possibilities of constraining the resulting intermolecular forces by means of molecular spectroscopy are investigated in [104].…”