A study of occupant cooling by personally controlled air movement

Arens, Edward; Xu, Tengfang; Miura, Kazunobu; Zhang, Hui; Fountain, M.; Bauman, Fred

doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(97)00025-x

Cited by 123 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, use of the thermal manikins available today, with simulated sweat glands on the surface areas corresponding to the site of the human skin where they are most dense, can be considered. A considerable number of studies focused on the use of fans to cool people in a warm environment (McIntyre 1978;Rohles et al 1983;Jones et al 1986;Tanabe and Kimura 1987;Scheatzle et al 1989;Bauman et al 1993;Melikov et al 1994aMelikov et al , 1994bFountain et al 1994;Arens et al 1998;Szokolay 1998;Tsuzuki et al 1999;Khedari et al 2000;Hayashi et al 2004;Sekhar et al 2005;Aynsley 2005 andAtthajariyakul and Lertsatittanakorn 2008;Sun et al 2007 andWatanabe et al 2009). Only in one study was the fan power reported (Sun et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Schiavon

Melikov²

2009

HVAC&R Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Schiavon

Melikov²

2009

HVAC&R Research

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“…Directly after each subjective measurement (taken upon entering the office and at ca. 71 min, 130 min, 220 min and 270 min of exposure), subjects walked over a set of 4 steps, each 0.2 m high, to simulate physical activity during normal office work (Arens et al, 1998). In order to remain thermally neutral (mean thermal voteΩ0) throughout the exposure, subjects were reminded to adjust their clothing whenever they felt too warm or too cool.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity

Wargocki¹,

Wyon²,

Sundell³

et al. 2000

Indoor Air

526

325

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Perceived air quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity were studied in a normally furnished office space (108 m 3 ) ventilated with an outdoor airflow of 3, 10 or 30 L/s per person, corresponding to an air change rate of 0.6, 2 or 6 h ª1 . The temperature of 22 aeC, the relative humidity of 40% and all other environmental parameters remained unchanged. Five groups of six female subjects were each exposed to the three ventilation rates, one group and one ventilation rate at a time. Each exposure lasted 4.6 h and took place in the afternoon. Subjects were unaware of the intervention and remained thermally neutral by adjusting their clothing. They assessed perceived air quality and SBS symptoms at intervals, and performed simulated normal office work. Increasing ventilation decreased the percentage of subjects dissatisfied with the air quality (PϽ0.002) and the intensity of odour (PϽ0.02), and increased the perceived freshness of air (PϽ0.05). It also decreased the sensation of dryness of mouth and throat (PϽ0.0006), eased difficulty in thinking clearly (PϽ0.001) and made subjects feel generally better (PϽ0.0001). The performance of four simulated office tasks improved monotonically with increasing ventilation rates, and the effect reached formal significance in the case of text-typing (PϽ0.03). For each twofold increase in ventilation rate, performance improved on average by 1.7%. This study shows the benefits for health, comfort and productivity of ventilation at rates well above the minimum levels prescribed in existing standards and guidelines. It confirms the results of a previous study in the same office when the indoor air quality was improved by decreasing the pollution load while the ventilation remained unchanged.Key words Perceived air quality; IAQ; SBS symptoms; Productivity; Ventilation; Outdoor air change rate; Office. Practical ImplicationsGood indoor air quality is beneficial for health, comfort and productivity. It is therefore advisable to ventilate indoor environments at rates above the minimum levels prescribed in present standards and guidelines. Reducing costs and conserving energy by maintaining modest levels of ventilation can easily result in a net loss if productivity is decreased. Increasing ventilation rates above minimum levels can raise productivity and will, in many cases, pay for itself while decreasing the intensity of SBS symptoms and improving perceived air quality. Intelligent use of energy recovery can often minimize energy consumption caused by increased ventilation. As an alternative or supplement to increased ventilation, it will often be beneficial for indoor air quality to eliminate or reduce sources of indoor air pollution or to supply ventilation air close to the breathing zone of the occupants.

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“…Thermal comfort has been defined and studied both in the lab and field, primarily in the commercial sector (Arens, et al, 1998;Brager, Paliaga, & de Dear, 2004;Fanger, 1970;Humphreys & Nicol, 2002;Leaman & Bordass, 2001). Many factors have been found to influence thermal comfort, such as air temperature, radiant temperature, air speed, humidity, level of clothing/activity (American Society for Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 2004;Fanger, 1970;Nicol & Humphreys, 2009) as well as psychological, behavioral, and physiological influences (Beshir & Ramsey, 1981;Humphreys & Nicol, 1998;Karjalainen, 2007;van Hoof, Kort, Hensen, Duijnstee, & Rutten, 2010).…”

Section: Hold and Temperature Override Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostat Interface and Usability: A Survey

Meier¹

2010

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A study of occupant cooling by personally controlled air movement

Cited by 123 publications

References 2 publications

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

Introduction of a Cooling-Fan Efficiency Index

The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity

Thermostat Interface and Usability: A Survey

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