“…Interestingly, WO 4 2-has the unique feature that this oxoanion polymerizes easily with itself or with other oxoanions such as PO 4 3-, forming a POT [75,[27][28][29][30] 4 2-+ 3H 2 O, and the major polyanion present in the solution is PW 11 [27][28][29][30]. Although PW 11 is decomposed completely at pH > 8, 80~90% of this compound still remains as [PW 11 O 39 ] 7-below pH 7.2 [78,79]. It therefore seems natural to investigate the biological and biochemical effects of WO 4 2-and PW 11 , both of which are representative of the tungsten compounds present around physiological (neutral) pH.…”