A Study of the Bank-Full Discharges of Rivers in England and Wales.

Nixon, Matthew; Lacey,; Inglis,

doi:10.1680/iicep.1959.12123

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…Further investigations in the 1950s and 1960s documented the consistency in the frequency of bankfull discharge for rivers with active floodplains Dury, 1959Dury, , 1961Dury etal., 1961;Leopold et al, 1964;Woodyer, 1968). The equivalence of bankfull and dominant discharges has since been supported by research into the process-form relationships of hydraulic geometry (Nixon, 1959;Simons and Albertson, 1960;Kellerhalls, 1967;Charlton et al, 1978;Hey 1975Hey , 1982Hey and Thome, 1986;and others) and laboratory studies of shallow overbank flows (Ackers, 1992;James and Brown, 1977;Ackers and Charlton, 1970a, b;and others). For example, Ackers and Charlton (1970b) studied the influence of variable flows on meandering planforms for scaled down annual hydrographs and concluded that bankfüll flow was responsible for generating the observed dynamic planform geometry, providing that the channel is not entrenched to the extent that bankfull flow does not occur at least annually.…”

Section: Dominant Discharge Approaches and Their Equivalencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nixon (1959) showed that the bankfull discharge is equalled or exceeded on average 0.6 percent of the time using data from 29 rivers in England and Wales. While this may be used as a guideline, the range of effective discharge exceedance probabilities varies considerably in nature.…”

Section: ) Check Effective Discharge Is Reasonablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this may be used as a guideline, the range of effective discharge exceedance probabilities varies considerably in nature. Figure 4.13 shows the extent of this variability using the arithmetic-based effective discharges in Appendix or equal to the 0.6 percent given by Nixon (1959). Predicted effective discharge exceedance probabilities greater than 10 percent should be queried and the flow distribution examined for deviations from log-normality.…”

Section: ) Check Effective Discharge Is Reasonablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a wealth of gravel-bed data documented in the geomorphology and engineering literature which describe both static and mobile bed downstream hydraulic geometry in straight and meandering rivers (for example, Leopold and Madock, 1953;Leopold and Wolman, 1957;Nixon, 1959;Nash, 1959;Charlton et al, 1978;Andrews, 1984;Hey and Thorne, 1986). In contrast, morphological equations for stable sand-bed channels usually refer to either alluvial canals in regime (e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion: Effective Discharge Time-event Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ii) Nixon (1959): data from U.K. rivers (7 sites). The full data set consists of 27 widthdischarge measurements for different types of bed material, but only sites labelled as gravel-bed were selected.…”

Section: Revised Equations Based On Existing and Composite Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Section: Dominant Discharge Approaches and Their Equivalencementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: ) Check Effective Discharge Is Reasonablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Check Effective Discharge Is Reasonablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion: Effective Discharge Time-event Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Revised Equations Based On Existing and Composite Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bankfull Discharge Recurrence Interval in Gravel-bed Rivers

Petit

Pauquet

1997

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

102

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Bankfull discharge was identified in some 30 gravel-bed rivers representing in total c. 40 gauging stations. The catchment sizes vary from 4 km 2 to nearly 2700 km 2 . Bankfull discharge value increases with basin size. In the case of gravel-bed rivers developed on an impermeable substratum, the following equation emerges: Q b =0·087 A 1·044 . Bankfull discharge recurrence interval was determined by fitting maximum annual floods (T a ) into Gumbel's distribution and then using the partial duration series (T p ) in this same distribution. Recurrence interval is below 0·7 years (T p ) for small pebble-bed rivers developed on an impermeable substratum; it reaches 1·1 to 1·5 years when the catchment size of these rivers exceeds 250 km 2 . Rivers incised in the soft schists of the Famenne show larger channel capacity at bankfull stage, a small width/ depth ratio and thus higher recurrence intervals (1·4-5·3 years with T a and 1-4·4 years with T p ). Baseflow-dominated gravel-bed streams and sandy or silty rivers experience less frequent bankfull discharges, with a recurrence interval higher than 2 or even 3 years (T p ).

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On the equilibrium profile of river beds

2014

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[1] Despite the wide spectrum of perturbations of flow and sediment transport experienced by rivers as a result of hydrologic variations, the paradigm of morphodynamic equilibrium has long been present in the geomorphological literature where it is traditionally associated with the semiempirical notion of formative discharge, whereby the unsteady forcing is taken as morphologically equivalent to some effective steady forcing. Here we investigate the mechanisms responsible for maintaining a quasi-equilibrium bed profile of a river reach sufficiently short to have no significant tributary inputs. More importantly, we assume the channel banks to be fixed, hence, the case we have in mind is that of rivers protected by levees which cannot respond to hydrologic forcing by changing their width like natural rivers. Employing a 1-D model of river morphodynamics, we first determine the equilibrium profile of the river reach for given steady forcing conditions and discuss the capability of this approach for interpreting bed profiles observed in the field by applying it to the terminal reach of the Magra River, Italy. Field observations turn out to be reasonably well fitted by the equilibrium profile associated with a steady effective discharge, which however differs from the typical formative discharge (mean annual flood) for natural channels with erodible banks. Finally, we clarify how fluctuations of the hydrodynamic forcing associated with the recorded historical sequence of hydrologic events of variable intensities have acted to maintain the river equilibrium.

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A Study of the Bank-Full Discharges of Rivers in England and Wales.

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Channel Restoration Design for Meandering Rivers

Channel Restoration Design for Meandering Rivers

Bankfull Discharge Recurrence Interval in Gravel-bed Rivers

On the equilibrium profile of river beds

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