A study of the biocide release from antifouling paints

Thouvenin, Muriel; Péron, J. J.; Charrêteur, C.; Guérin, Philippe; Langlois, Jean-Yves; Vallée‐Réhel, Karine

doi:10.1016/s0300-9440(01)00246-6

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Dissolved Cu is the second most toxic element after mercury (Gledhill et al, 1997), and presented a profound effect on the environment, principally on the initial-stage of growth in several organisms (Andrade et al, 2004). Our results showed high amount of Cu and Zn in AFP (RENNER AF 10) formula and this observed pattern of Cu and Zn concentration is found in the majorority of AFP paints compositions (Yonerara et al, 2001;Callow & Callow, 2002;Thouvenin et al, 2002;Valkirs et al, 2003;Löschau et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Are metals of antifouling paints transferred to marine biota?

Paradas

Filho

2007

Braz. j. oceanogr.

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A B S T R A C TBecause of its high toxicity, TBT (trybutiltin) was banned since 2003, which resulted in a greater reuse of Cu as based-biocide in antifouling paints (AFP). The aim of this work is to determine if metals form of AFP are transferred to benthic organisms from Guanabara Bay (GB) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Metal concentrations were measured in two main fouling algae species Ulva flexuosa and U. fasciata and one isopod species, Sphaeroma serratum, in two GB marinas areas from sites with artificial substrate covered by AFP and natural substrate. In addition, control samples were collected in an adjacent open ocean area. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined by Atomic Absortion Spectrophotometry. Higher concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn were detected in both algal species from GB in relation to control areas. Among samples of algae and isopod species from GB, populations collected over artificial surfaces covered by AFP presented significantly higher metal concentration than population of rocky natural substrate. Our data showed that the leaching of metals by antifouling paints present on decks and boats are being taken up by algae and isopods. These results indicate that antifouling coatings are the main source of heavy metal to biota of GB marina area. R E S U M ODevido sua alta toxicidade, o TBT está banido desde 2003, o que resultou na re-utilização de tintas a base de cobre. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar se os metais provenientes das tintas antiincrustantes (AFP) são transferidos para organismos bentônicos da Baía de Guanabara (BG) (Rio de janeiro, Brasil). Concentrações de metais foram analisadas em duas espécies de algas Ulva flexuosa e U. fasciata e no isópoda, Sphaeroma serratum, em duas áreas de marinas em locais de substrato artificial coberto com tintas AFP e em locais de substrato natural. Também foram coletadas amostras em uma área oceânica (controle). Concentrações de Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn foram determinadas por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica. Concentrações mais elevadas de Cu, Pb e Zn foram detectadas na BG em ambas espécies de algas em relação a área controle. Dentre as espécies de algas e do isópoda da BG, as populações coletadas sobre as superfícies cobertas com AFP apresentaram concentrações significativamente mais elevadas do que as populações do substrato natural. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a liberação de metais presentes nas AFP dos decks e embarcações, estão sendo acumulados pelas algas e isópodas. Esses resultados indicam que o revestimento com AFP é a principal fonte de metais para a biota de marinas em áreas da BG.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Are metals of antifouling paints transferred to marine biota?

Paradas

Filho

2007

Braz. j. oceanogr.

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“…74 In this way, surface roughness can promote organism settlement. 75 For instance, Aldred et al 76 stated that cyprids not only actively choose to settle on surfaces with the maximum number of attachment points, but it also increased the attachment strength. Theoretically, therefore, rougher coating surfaces are more likely to be biofouled than smooth surfaces, 43 and their biofouling release requires higher traveling speeds compared to smoother surfaces.…”

Section: Mechanical Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of biofouling development on drag forces of hull coatings for ocean-going ships: a review

Lindholdt

Dam‐Johansen

Olsen³

et al. 2015

J Coat Technol Res

107

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This review presents a systematic overview of the literature and describes the experimental methods used to quantify the drag of hull coatings. It also summarizes the findings of hull coating's drag performance and identifies the main parameters impacting it. The advantages and disadvantages of the reported methods listed in this review provide an assessment of the most efficient methods to quantify the drag performance of hull coatings. This review determines that drag performance of hull coating technology varies depending on whether the coating condition is newly applied, after dynamic or static seawater exposure. The summarized data reveal that, while several methods have attempted to quantify drag performance of hull coatings, other methods must be explored in order to accurately measure the long-term drag performance of hull coatings in conditions mimicking those that ship hulls encounter during actual voyages.

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“…There are many parameters that must be taken into account in the study of biocide's release in antifouling paints, such as: biocide and resin nature; charges distribution; interactions between charges/biocide/resin etc. 31 . The graph of the total amount of copper released to the 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution versus time is shown in Figure 8.…”

Section: Leaching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Conducting Polymers as Active Agents for Marine Antifouling Paints

et al. 2015

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Antifouling coatings were prepared with paints containing polyaniline (PAni) and derivatives as active pigment, and evaluated by antifouling performance on metallic or polyvinyl chloride substrates. The paints, PAni and its derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis, electrical conductivity and scanning electron microscopy. Coatings were also characterized by salt spray, leaching and erosion tests. Antifouling coatings' performance was evaluated by immersion tests in a marine environment or in fresh water. Paints containing PAni-ES, PAni/DBSA and SPAN, and a co-biocide PyZn, showed antifouling performance similar to a commercial antifouling paint.

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A study of the biocide release from antifouling paints

Cited by 41 publications

References 8 publications

Are metals of antifouling paints transferred to marine biota?

Are metals of antifouling paints transferred to marine biota?

Effects of biofouling development on drag forces of hull coatings for ocean-going ships: a review

Using Conducting Polymers as Active Agents for Marine Antifouling Paints

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