A Study of the Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in an Industrial Population

Meichen, F.W.; Rogan, Erika; Howell, R. W.

doi:10.1136/oem.19.3.203

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Vaccinated people may thus be fully susceptible again by the time a second epidemic wave of the same virus serotype occurs. Because of this short duration of immunity, together with the toxic side-effects of many aqueous preparations (Meichen, Rogan & Howell, 1962) health authorities and large industrial organizations are reluctant ever to initiate mass vaccination campaigns against influenza, since they could be faced with the problem of annual revaccination to maintain the status quo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of immunological adjuvants in influenza vaccines

Hobson

1973

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Summary Aqueous influenza vaccines seldom induce long-persistent protection against epidemic risk, and often fail to immunize up to one-third of the recipients, especially when there has been no previous immunological experience of the serotype of virus contained in the vaccine. Attempts to improve the situation by increasing the size or number of doses are limited by expense, toxicity and the time available in face of an oncoming epidemic. The future use of isolated viral antigens as vaccines may be limited by similar disadvantages. Immunological adjuvants may make a valuable contribution in decreasing the minimum effective dose of antigen, thereby reducing the toxicity and expense of the vaccine, and increasing its availability. Adjuvant vaccines used in the past have been shown to induce higher mean titres of circulating virus-neutralizing or HI antibody in a higher proportion of the population than have aqueous vaccines, and the duration of immunity has been prolonged. The choice of adjuvants and the avoidance of untoward side-effects are discussed in this review.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of immunological adjuvants in influenza vaccines

Hobson

1973

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…Diagnosis and Classification.-The difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of influenza without laboratory confirmation are well known, but it is not proposed to discuss again the validity of morbidity rates based on general practitioner certificates (Meichen et al, 1962;Norman and Spratling, 1956). In this text, the diagnoses given imply classification under the International Statistical Classification (Table 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous experience of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority with an aqueous influenza vaccine (Meichen, Rogan, and Howell, 1962) suggested that routine annual inoculation was not justified in a large industrial population. Among others who have reached a similar conclusion, Richardson and Kilpatrick (1964) found that their three-year immunization programme had so far produced no definite benefit.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Trial of Oil-Adjuvant Influenza Vaccine in a Non-Epidemic Season

Howell

1964

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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“…Unfortunately the antibody response after saline vaccine is relatively transient, even when a booster dose is given some weeks after the primary injection . Saline vaccines also tend to produce unpleasant local and general reactions (MRC, 1957;Meichen, Rogan, and Howell, 1962).…”

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confidence: 99%