A study of the interactions between cationic polymers and colloidal silicic acid

Mal

J of Applied Polymer Sci

2007

Among various water‐soluble polysaccharides, guar gum is one of the most important polysaccharide, which is having a wide variety of applications. By grafting a cationic moiety onto the backbone of guar gum, a modified naturally occurring polysaccharide can be developed, which used to be use as high performance flocculating agent and viscosifier (Singh et al.).15 Various grades of cationic guar gums have been synthesized by varying the synthesis parameters. All these polysaccharides have been characterized by various characterization techniques, such as elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, molecular weight determination, thermal analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. From all of these characterization studies, it has been confirmed that the cationic moiety has been grafted onto the backbone of polysaccharide. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of cationic guar gum: A high performance flocculating agent

Mal

J of Applied Polymer Sci

2007

“…16,17 It is because of the fact that starch is an effective backbone polymer for grafting a cationic moiety using a quaternary ammonium compound. Table II shows the synthetic details of the cationic polymers based on starch.…”

Section: Discussion Synthesis and Intrinsic Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cationic starch: An efficient flocculating agent

Mal

J of Applied Polymer Sci

2008

Starch is a known carbohydrate in which, regardless of its origin, two polysaccharides are found namely amylose and amylopectin. By insertion of a cationic moiety to the backbone of starch, a modified cationic starch can be developed which can be used as flocculant. Various grades of cationic starches were developed to optimize the best performing flocculant. The base polysaccharide, starch and the best performing cationic starch i.e., Cat St3 (which have been confirmed from flocculation characteristics and intrinsic viscosity measurement) have been characterized by various characterization techniques such as determination of molecular weight, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, intrinsic viscosity measurement, thermal analysis, etc. From the characterization, it could be concluded that there was a substantial incorporation of cationic moiety onto the backbone of starch. The flocculation efficacy of these cationized starches was compared with each other and with some of the commercial flocculants available in national and international market in manganese ore suspensions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

“…Although a number of methods are available for incorporating a cationic moiety onto the backbone of polysaccharides, N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride has been preferred as a cationic moiety over recent years [72,73]. This is because polysaccharides are an effective backbone polymer for inserting a cationic moiety using a quaternary ammonium compound.…”

Section: Cationic Polysaccharides and Their Application As Flocculantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-technology materials based on modified polysaccharides

Pure and Applied Chemistry

Krishnamoorthy

et al. 2009

Polysaccharides are abundantly available from farm, forest, and microbial resources. They are used in myriad applications. It has been established in the authors' laboratory that their performance is enhanced considerably on purification, grafting by polyacrylamide (PAM), and subsequent hydrolysis as well as cationization. The most significant performance is enhanced in flocculation where it has been found that the modified polysaccharides outperform existing flocculants in national and international markets. Similar effects are observed in their performance in turbulent drag reduction (DR), percolation, and rheology. The present article outlines the details of materials, mechanisms, and practical applications of these novel materials.saccharides may have many low-molecular-weight impurities. The biodegradability of polysaccharides reduces their shelf life and needs to be suitably controlled. In various applications, their required dosages are large and their solutions and flocs lose stability and strength because of biodegradability. However, by purification [5], grafting [5], hydrolysis [6], and cationization [7], useful polymeric materials can be developed for varied applications.Effluent disposal is a major problem nowadays all over the world. Industrial development has created hazards and environmental problems. Hence, environmental concern and depletion of raw material resources have forced scientists and technologists to develop materials from renewable agricultural and plant resources to protect the environment from pollution.Recycling of domestic wastewater, industrial effluents, and mineral-processing effluents has been accepted by the application of synthetic flocculants for solid-liquid separation due to economic and environmental considerations all over the world [8][9][10]. When polymers are involved in a solid-liquid separation by an aggregation process of colloidal particles, the process is termed "flocculation" [10]. In general, flocculation is caused by the addition of a minute quantity of chemicals known as "flocculants". Both inorganic and organic flocculants are used in various kinds of flocculation phenomena [11]. Among the inorganic flocculants, the salts of multivalent metals like aluminum and iron are mostly used. The organic flocculants are essentially polymeric in nature. Both synthetic and natural water-soluble polymers are used as flocculants [8][9][10][11]. Some of the most important types of synthetic polymers are polyacrylamide (PAM), poly(acrylic acid), poly(styrene sulfonic acid), poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (DADMAC), etc., the synthetic effluents are available in all three ionic formscationic, anionic, and nonionic. Among the natural polymers, starch, guar gum, alginates, and products based on chitin, glue, and gelatin are used as flocculants and retention aids. The extensive use of polymers as flocculants is due to their low dosage (1-5 ppm), inertness to pH changes, formation of large cohesive flocs, and versatile tailorability. Large tonnage use of inorganic comp...