A Study of the Use of Milk Replacers for Dairy Calves in the United States

Heinrichs, A.J.; Wells, Scott J.; Losinger, Willard C

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76913-2

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Denota-se dificuldade respiratória (taquipnéia) e mucosas aparentes cianóticas e/ou pálidas (Benesi 1993). Em cordeiros, a hipóxia grave, durante o parto, causa morte logo após o nascimento, havendo maior risco, nos que sobrevivem, de ocorrer acidose metabólica e diminuição da capacidade de produção de calor (termogênese), o que leva a hipotermia (Heinrichs et al 1995, Radostits 2007.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados

Gasparelli¹,

Camargo²,

Yanaka³

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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O presente trabalho visou avaliar a vitalidade e os níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos, nascidos de partos eutócicos e auxiliados, bem como determinar os índices de partos distócicos em vacas receptoras de embriões nelores. Cerca de 310 bezerros foram avaliados. Observou-se a ocorrência de 38 partos distócicos (38/310) e de oito abortos (8/310). Os bezerros nascidos de partos distócicos mais duradouros, entre quatro e seis horas, apresentaram os maiores valores médios de frequência respiratória e dos níveis séricos de cortisol. A temperatura retal foi mais elevada em animais nascidos de partos laboriosos do que naqueles nascidos de partos normais. As taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em animais neonatos nelores foram de 77,93% e 3,44%, respectivamente. O emprego do escore APGAR, ao nascimento, demonstrou que 90% dos bezerros apresentavam-se deprimidos, independente do tipo de nascimento.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados

Gasparelli¹,

Camargo²,

Yanaka³

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…These formulations are widely used by dairy producers (14) as a means of marketing additional saleable milk. Protein ingredients contribute significantly to the overall cost of CMR; therefore, alternatives to whey and casein proteins may reduce cost of CMR and improve profitability of the heifer rearing enterprise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrolyzed Spray Dried Red Blood Cells in Milk Replacer on Calf Intake, Body Weight Gain, and Efficiency

Quigley¹,

Jaynes²,

Miller³

et al. 2000

Journal of Dairy Science

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An alternative protein ingredient based on spraydried, hydrolyzed red blood cells was evaluated in calf milk replacers. Two experiments were conduced to determine the value of the ingredient on intake, growth, and feed efficiency in dairy calves. In experiment 1, Holstein bull calves (n = 120) were fed calf milk replacer containing 0, 11, 22, or 43% of crude protein as spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells. Calves were fed 454 g/d of experimental milk replacer reconstituted to 12% dry matter plus a conventional calf starter for 28 d. Body weight gain, intake of milk replacer and calf starter, feed efficiency, fecal scores, and days scouring were unaffected by source of protein. In experiment 2, Holstein calves (n = 69) at the University of Minnesota, Crookston and Waseca were fed milk replacer containing 0, 22, or 43% of crude protein as spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells. Calves were fed 454 g/d of experimental milk replacer reconstituted to 12% dry matter plus a conventional calf starter containing 0 or 25% alfalfa meal for 35 d. No calves died during the study. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, intake of calf starter and milk replacer, fecal scores, and days scouring were unaffected by increasing hydrolyzed red blood cells in milk replacer. Similar performance of all calves indicated that spray dried hydrolyzed red blood cells can replace up to 43% of crude protein from whey protein concentrate without detrimental effects on animal performance. 788Abbreviation key: CMR = calf milk replacer, CON = CMR containing no SDHRBC, CS = calf starter, HIGH = CMR containing SDHRBC at 43% of CP, LOW = CMR containing SDHRBC at 11% of CP, MED = CMR containing SDHRBC at 22% of CP, SDHRBC = spray-dried hydrolyzed red blood cells, SDRBC = spray-dried red blood cells.

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“…Milk replacers (MR) are generally formulated from dairy products, together with animal fats or vegetable oils plus added vitamins and minerals (Heinrichs et al, 1995). The ingredients that are required to formulate MR are increasingly expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

Pluschke

Gilbert

Williams

et al. 2016

Animal

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Replacing dairy components from milk replacer (MR) with vegetable products has been previously associated with decreased protein and fat digestibility in milk-fed calves resulting in lower live weight gain. In this experiment, the major carbohydrate source in MR, lactose, was partly replaced with gelatinized corn starch (GCS) to determine the effect on protein and fat digestibility in milk-fed calves. In total, 16 male Holstein-Friesian calves received either MR with lactose as the carbohydrate source (control) or 18% GCS at the expense of lactose. In the adaptation period, calves were exposed to an increasing dose of GCS for 14 weeks. The indigestible marker cobalt ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was incorporated into the MR for calculating apparent nutrient digestibility, whereas a pulse dose of chromium (Cr) chloride was fed with the last MR meal 4 h before slaughter as an indicator of passage rates. The calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated at 30 weeks of age. The small intestine was divided in three; small intestine 1 and 2 (SI1 and SI2, respectively) and the terminal ileum (last~100 cm of small intestine) and samples of digesta were collected. Small intestinal digesta was analysed for α-amylase, lipase and trypsin activity. Digestibility of protein was determined for SI1, SI2, ileum and total tract, whereas digestibility of fat was determined for SI1, SI2 and total tract. Apparent protein digestibility in the small intestine did not differ between treatments but was higher in control calves at total tract level. Apparent crude fat digestibility tended to be increased in SI1 and SI2 for GCS calves, but no difference was found at total tract level. Activity of α-amylase in SI2 and lipase in both SI1 and SI2 was higher in GCS calves. Activity of trypsin tended to be higher in control calves and was higher in SI1 compared with SI2. A lower recovery of Cr in SI2 and a higher recovery of Cr in the large intestine suggest an increased rate of passage for GCS calves. Including 18% of GCS in a milk replacer at the expense of lactose increased passage rate and decreased apparent total tract protein digestibility. In the small intestine, protein digestion did not decrease when feeding GCS and fat digestion even tended to increase. Overall, effects on digestion might be levelled when partially replacing lactose with GCS, because starch digestion is lower than that of lactose but fat digestion may be slightly increased when feeding GCS.

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A Study of the Use of Milk Replacers for Dairy Calves in the United States

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados

Avaliação física e dos níveis séricos de cortisol de bezerros neonatos da raça Nelore, nascidos de partos normais e auxiliados

Effects of Hydrolyzed Spray Dried Red Blood Cells in Milk Replacer on Calf Intake, Body Weight Gain, and Efficiency

The effect of replacing lactose by starch on protein and fat digestion in milk-fed veal calves

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