A study of the volatile organic compound emissions at the stacks of laboratory fume hoods in a university campus

Park, Jihoon; Lee, Limkyu; Byun, Hyaejeong; Ham, Seunghon; Lee, Ik-Mo; Park, Jeongim; Rhie, KwangWon; Lee, Yunkeun; Yeom, Jongsoo; Tsai, Perng-Jy; Yoon, Chungsik

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.024

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Laboratories have been associated with increased concentration of speci c pollutants depending on the nature of experiments that are being conducted [45]. In a study on indoor air quality in research laboratories, Valavanidis and Vatista [46] established that respirable suspended particulates (RSP)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open wastewater channels in Nairobi, Kenya

Kinuthia

Ngure

Kamau

2021

Preprint

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Background Levels of Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Thallium (Tl), and Nickel (Ni) in samples of wastewater, filamentous green algae (spirogyra) and urban mosquitoes obtained from open wastewater channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya, was established. Industrial wastewater may contain hazardous heavy metals upon exposure. Aquatic organisms in wastewater may accumulate the toxic elements with time. Therefore, human population living in informal settlements in Nairobi industrial area risk exposure to such toxic elements. Biomonitoring using aquatic organisms can be key in metal exposure assessment. Results Pb, Cr, & Ni levels ranged from 3.08 to 15.31 µg/L while Tl, Hg, & Cd levels ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 µg/L in wastewater. Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels were above WHO, Kenya & US EPA limits for wastewater but Hg was not. Metals in tap water (control) which ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 µg/L was below WHO, US EPA, & Kenya standard limits. Pb, Cr, Tl, & Ni levels in assorted field mosquitoes were 1.3 to 2.4 times higher than in assorted laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Hg & Cd concentrations in laboratory-reared mosquitoes (0.26 mg/L & 1.8 mg/L respectively) was higher than in field mosquitoes (0.048 mg/L & 0.12 mg/L respectively). Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels in green filamentous algae were 110.62, 29.75, 14.45, & 0.44 mg/L respectively and above WHO limits for vegetable plants. Hg level in algae samples (0.057 mg/L) was below WHO standard limits but above Kenya & US EPA limits in vegetables. Correlations for Pb & Hg (r = 0.957; P < 0.05); Cd & Cr (r = 0.985; P < 0.05) in algae samples were noted. The metal concentrations in the samples were in the order, wastewater < mosquitoes < filamentous green algae. Conclusion Samples of wastewater, mosquitoes and filamentous green algae from open wastewater channels and immediate vicinity, in Nairobi industrial area (Kenya) contained Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, Tl, and Ni. Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae can play a role of metal biomonitoring in wastewater. The possibility of urban mosquitoes transferring the heavy metals to their hosts when sucking blood should be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open wastewater channels in Nairobi, Kenya

Kinuthia

Ngure

Kamau

2021

Preprint

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“…Some of the heavy metals are known to escape into the air as tiny particulates [59] which would then easily contaminate the insectary and the mosquitoes being reared. Laboratories have been associated with increased concentration of specific pollutants depending on the nature of experiments that are being conducted [60]. In a study on indoor air quality in research laboratories, Valavanidis and Vatista [61] established that respirable suspended particulates (RSP) reached 700 µg/m 3 in spring and summer period.…”

Section: Site Of Sample Collection/assortment Heavy Metals Analyzed and Their Concentration (Mg/kg) Sample's Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya

2021

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Background Industrial wastewater is a human health hazard upon exposure. Aquatic organisms in contaminated wastewater may accumulate the toxic elements with time. Human population living in informal settlements in Nairobi industrial area risk exposure to such toxic elements. Biomonitoring using aquatic organisms in open drainage channels can be key in metal exposure assessment. Levels of Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Thallium (Tl), and Nickel (Ni) were established in samples of wastewater, filamentous green algae (Spirogyra) and mosquitoes obtained from open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya. Results Pb, Cr, & Ni levels ranged from 3.08 to 15.31 µg/l while Tl, Hg, & Cd ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 µg/l in wastewater. The Pb, Cr, Ni, & Cd levels were above WHO, Kenya & US EPA limits for wastewater but Hg was not. Pb, Cr, Tl, & Ni levels in assorted field mosquitoes were 1.3–2.4 times higher than in assorted laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Hg & Cd concentrations in laboratory-reared mosquitoes (0.26 mg/kg & 1.8 mg/kg respectively) were higher than in field mosquitoes (0.048 mg/kg & 0.12 mg/kg respectively). The levels of Pb, Cr, & Ni were distinctively higher in field mosquito samples than in wastewater samples from the same site. Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd & Hg levels in green filamentous Spirogyra algae were 110.62, 29.75, 14.45, 0.44, & 0.057 mg/kg respectively. Correlation for Pb & Hg (r (2) = 0.957; P < 0.05); Cd & Cr (r (2) = 0.985; P < 0.05) in algae samples was noted. The metal concentrations in the samples analyzed were highest in filamentous green algae and least in wastewater. Conclusion Wastewater, mosquitoes, and filamentous green algae from open drainage channels and immediate vicinity, in Nairobi industrial area (Kenya) contained Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, Tl, and Ni. Mosquitoes in urban areas and filamentous green algae in open drainage channels can play a role of metal biomonitoring in wastewater. The potential of urban mosquitoes transferring heavy metals to human population from the contaminated wastewater should be investigated.

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“…In the ERS, there is a filtration system from the vehicle exhaust to the outside. For manufacturing industries in Korea, stack emission control regulation is well established, but in some areas, such as fire stations, restaurant kitchens, and university laboratories, it is not [42]. The effect of air cleaners was shown to be effective in Table 2.…”

Section: Exhaust To Outdoor Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of an Exhaust Reduction System in Fire Stations

Kim

Kang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Firefighters are known to be exposed to a variety of hazardous materials and combustion products during operational and training activities, as well as in fire stations. However, exposure to diesel exhaust emissions, classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), is also present in the fire station environment. In this study, concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), which is a surrogate of diesel exhaust and indoor air pollutants, has been measured to compare the effect of an exhaust reduction system (ERS) that was installed in the engine bays of two fire stations to mitigate indoor air pollution levels in the garage, duty offices, and dormitory/shower areas. The levels of most pollutants were reduced after the installation of the ERS. Pollutants may disperse inside of fire stations. Therefore, the ERS is a valuable strategy to mitigate pollutant exposure among firefighters and outdoor air pollution using the filtration ability of an ERS. The results of this study suggest that all truck bays should install an ERS to reduce pollutant exposure and that installation is especially necessary for EURO 3 fire vehicles.

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A study of the volatile organic compound emissions at the stacks of laboratory fume hoods in a university campus

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open wastewater channels in Nairobi, Kenya

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open wastewater channels in Nairobi, Kenya

Urban mosquitoes and filamentous green algae: their biomonitoring role in heavy metal pollution in open drainage channels in Nairobi industrial area, Kenya

Evaluation of the Effect of an Exhaust Reduction System in Fire Stations

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