A study on coconut fatty acid diethanolamide-based polyurethane foams

Abstract

Industrial products from coconut oil were purified and processed for the preparation of polyurethane foams.

A novel reaction mechanism for the synthesis of coconut oil-derived biopolyol for rigid poly(urethane-urea) hybrid foam application

“…These transition temperatures reveal the dissociation of hydrogen bonds which occurs at the glass transition temperature of urethane segments. 25 Similar thermal transitions can also be observed for all PUA foam samples. The enthalpy changes at these transition temperatures also decrease with increasing p-CDEA substitution.…”

“…Simultaneously, the presence of relatively short-chain molecules in p-CDEA such as free glycerol decelerates polymer chain propagation thereby reducing the cell resistance towards the accelerated bubble expansion. 25 As a result, significant ripped cells were observed in the prepared PUA foam ( Fig. 9 ) as p-CDEA substitution increased.…”

“…9 ) owing to the relatively high reaction rates of the PUA formation. 25 Relative to the regular foam cell morphology of PU-V490, the presence of ripped cells in the substituted PUA foams reduces the structural integrity thereby reducing their compressive strengths.…”

“…37 The thermal transitions of the prepared foams were evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using a PerkinElmer DSC 4000 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) with a heating rate of 10 °C minute −1 (sample weight 5–10 mg). 25 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out using a Shimadzu DTG 60H (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) under a nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C from 45 °C to 800 °C (sample weight 5–10 mg). The morphological features of the foams' surfaces were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a JEOL JSM-6510LA SEM (JEOL, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan).…”

“…12,[21][22][23][24] However, previous studies on saturated vegetable oil modication reported polyols with low hydroxyl values, which necessitates petroleum-based polyol replacement to be effective for use in rigid PU foam formation. 25,26 This major limitation is attributed to the mostly unsaturated composition of vegetable oil triglycerides making it less capable of hydroxyl functionalization. 7 Philippines is the second-largest coconut producer in the world next to Indonesia.…”