A Study on Contraceptive Action

Abstract

The population explosion is a global problem that poses significant threat to the quality of life, more particularly in the underdeveloped and developing countries [1]. The extraordinary growth of the world population stands as one of the significant events of the modern era to think over. The current world population is around 6.46 billion and that of India is around 1.1 billion. The United Nations 'medium' projection has predicted that world population, which crossed the five billion mark in 1987, will increase to 10 billion by the year 2050 [2]. One of the critical problems of the developing countries like India is its geometrical increase in human population. Today we understand that our sheer numbers have increased so much that they are straining Earth's capacity to supply food, energy and raw materials. Advances in medicine and public health have led to a significant decrease in mortality and an increased life expectancy. This population explosion will have negative impact on our economic policies and would simultaneously misbalance our socio-economic infrastructure. Thus, the control of human fertility in the sense of its limitation is the most important and urgent of all-biosocial and medical problem confronting mankind today [3].Approximately 49 percent of pregnancies in the United States are unintended. One cost analysis found that compared with pregnancy and abortion, contraception saves an estimated $9,000 to $14,000 per woman of childbearing age over a five-year period. Although Male or female condoms used correctly and consistently is the only available method shown to be effective in preventing both unwanted pregnancies and ST/HIV infections, women often have little power to negotiate the use of condoms with their partners and are unable to protect themselves from nonconsensual coercive sex. Further Female condoms are expensive and are not readily available in developing countries. Contraception is literally the prevention of conception, but generally is taken to mean the prevention of pregnancy [4]. Further, Overpopulation, particularly in developing countries, is complicated by the pandemic of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The high incidence of these infections is owing to heterosexual intercourse, and the infections spread more readily from men to women than from women to men [4] New HIV infections