“…The general purposes of those studies were to determine the elementary, secondary, high school and university level students' characteristics related to the elements of digital citizenship Al Raqqad, 2020;Çebi & Özdemir, 2019;Çepni et al, 2014;Jwaifell, 2018;İridağ, 2020;Korucu & Totan, 2019;Martin et al, 2020b;Nazik et al, 2020;Öztürk, 2019;Ünal, 2017;Vural, 2016;Yalçınkaya & Cibaroğlu, 2019). Some others studies aimed to identify the characteristics of educational administrators, teachers or preservice teachers (Akcil et al, 2016;Arcagök, 2020;Aslan, 2016;Ata & Yıldırım, 2019;Aygün, 2019;Aygun & İlhan, 2020;Dedebali & Daşdemir, 2019;Dere & Yavuzay, 2019;Elmalı et al, 2020;Görmez, 2017a;Hollandsworth et al, 2011Hollandsworth et al, , 2017Kabataş, 2019;Kaya & Kaya, 2014;Xu et al, 2019;Yılmaz & Doğusoy, 2020).…”