A study on hydrochemical characteristics of surface and sub-surface water in and around Perumal Lake, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, South India

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out in and around Perumal Lake, Cuddalore district, South India in order to assess its suitability in relation to domestic and agricultural uses. The water samples (surface water = 16; groundwater = 12) were analyzed for various physicochemical attributes like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na ? ), potassium (K ? ), calcium (Ca 2? ), magnesium (Mg 2? ), chloride (Cl -), bicarbonate (HCO 3 -), sulfate (SO 4 2-), phosphate (PO 4 ), silica (H 4 SiO 4 ) and total dissolved solids (TDS). Major hydrochemical facies were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water chemistry are water-rock interaction rather than evaporation and precipitation. Interpretation of isotopic signatures reveals that groundwater samples recharged by meteoric water with few water-rock interactions. A comparison of water quality in relation to drinking water quality standard proves that the surface water samples are suitable for drinking purpose, whereas groundwater in some areas exceeds the permissible limit. Various determinants such as sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percent sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI) revealed that most of the samples are suitable for irrigation.

Origin and mechanisms of high salinity in Hombolo Dam and groundwater in Dodoma municipality Tanzania, revealed

“…The increasing EC with Na/Cl ratio remaining unchanged indicates that ET is a principal process (Prasanna et al 2011;Zaidi et al 2015). Locally, this plot shows a slightly ?ve slope suggesting multiple processes other than ET influences genesis of local water sources (Zaidi et al 2015).…”

“…Thus, the water falling in the seawater can only be attributed to excessive ET (Zaidi et al 2015). Furthermore, the molar Na/Ca ratios of about 52% of samples were [2 (Table 2) indicating silicate minerals reactions and/or occurrence of cation exchange (Prasanna et al 2011). These results reaffirm that multiple processes control local water chemistry and evolution.…”

“…In arid and semi-arid zones, water quality limits water supply options and uses (Prasanna et al 2011). Thus, management of such valuable water resources calls for an understanding of its hydro-geochemistry and evolutions (Prasanna et al 2011).…”

“…Thus, management of such valuable water resources calls for an understanding of its hydro-geochemistry and evolutions (Prasanna et al 2011). Since different water uses/needs require specific quality, the origin of freshwater quality is of global interest (Ghalibaf and Moussavi 2014).…”

Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey tank and Mallathahalli lake, Bangalore urban district, Karnataka, India

“…There has been a quantum jump in population during the last century without corresponding expansion of civic facilities resulting in lakes and reservoirs, especially the urban ones, becoming sinks for contaminants. Most urban and rural lakes have vanished under this pressure with worldwide environmental concerns (Iscen et al 2008;Prasanna et al 2010). However, in those lakes that could endure, drinking water supply is either substantially reduced or is non-potable, flood absorption capacity impaired, biodiversity threatened and there is diminished fish production (Zhang et al 2009).…”