A study on hydrochemical elucidation of coastal groundwater in and around Kalpakkam region, Southern India

Abstract

The chemical composition of 29 bore well water samples throughout the Kalpakkam region, South India, was determined to identify the major hydrogeochemical processes and the suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. The hydrochemical data were analyzed with reference to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and their hydrochemical facies were determined. The Piper plot shows that most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of mixed calciumsodium-bicarbonate type followed by sodium-chloride, calcium-bicarbonate and mixed calcium-magnesiumchloride water types. The concentration of total dissolved solids exceeds the desirable limit in about 14% of samples; alkalinity values exceed the desirable limit in about 34% of the samples. The concentration of sulphate is well within the desirable limit at all the locations. The dominance of various heavy metals in the groundwater followed the sequence:Among the metal ions, the concentration of chromium and cadmium are within the permissible limit. Data are plotted on the US Salinity Laboratory diagram, which illustrates that most of the samples fall in the field of high salinity and low sodium hazard, which can be used to irrigate salt tolerant and semi-tolerant crops under favorable drainage conditions. Based on the analytical results, chemical indices like sodium adsorption ratio and residual sodium carbonate were calculated which show that most of the samples are good for irrigation.

Evaluation of Graphical and Multivariate Statistical Methods for Classification and Evaluation of Groundwater in Alathur Block, Perambalur District, India

“…Major cation such as Ca and Mg were analyzed titrimetrically, Na and K by flame photometer, major anions Cl and HCO 3 titrimetrically and chloride was determined by AgNO 3 titration (Vogel 1968) method. SO 4 and PO 4 were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. EC and pH were determined in the field itself using multiparameter water quality probe (Elico PE 138).…”

“…The orders of ions are Na, Cl, Ca+Mg, HCO 3 and SO 4 . The box and whisker plot is a powerful statistical tool as it identifies the chemical parameters influencing the water chemistry in the study area.…”

Groundwater quality assessment for domestic and agriculture purposes in Puducherry region

“…and Mg 2? in groundwater influence the permeability of soil (Haritash et al 2014;Gopinath et al 2015;Chidambaram et al 2011). Doneen classified the water for irrigation based on permeability index as shown in the Fig.…”

“…Several authors have reported about the quality of groundwater worldwide (Batayneh et al 2014;Senthilkumar et al 2014;Kazemi and Mohammadi 2012;Kumar et al 2015;Krishna Kumar et al 2011;Nwankwoala et al 2012). The groundwater studies were carried out in Puducherry region by Public Works Department (2007), Thilagavathi et al 2012, Nathan et al 2012, CGWB 1993, Chidambaram et al 2011and Pethaperumal et al 2010. Puducherry is a union territory where there is tremendous increase in population, urbanization, industrialization recent days equivalent to metropolitan city.…”

Evaluation of drinking water quality index (DWQI) and its seasonal variations in hard rock aquifers of Madurai district, Tamilnadu

“…Hence, physico-chemical analysis of water is important to assess the quality of groundwater that influences the suitability of water for domestic, irrigation, and industrial needs Thilagavathi et al 2012;Chidambaram et al 2011;Singaraja et al 2013). Because of the importance of groundwater in drinking purposes a study has been conducted in Madurai district to assess the drinking water quality index.…”