A study on IP²C actuators using ethylene glycol or EmI-Tf as solvent

Abstract

Ionic polymer–polymer composites (IP2Cs) are a novel class of all-organic electroactive polymers that can operate both as electromechanical actuators and as sensors. They are an evolution of ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMCs), since the metallic layers, used to realize the electrodes, are substituted by using organic conductors based on PEDOT:PSS. For the IPMC based actuators it is generally reported that solvents different from water can be used to avoid the dehydration phenomenon. Here the possibility to use ethylene glycol and an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, as diluents for the IP2C is investigated. Moreover, different materials have been used for the manufacture of the device electrodes and the performances of different organic transducers have been observed and compared. Reported results show that the use of both ethylene glycol and EmI-Tf as the solvent can have beneficial effects both on the working time duration of IP2C and on the corresponding transduction behaviors.

Ionic electroactive polymer metal composites: Fabricating, modeling, and applications of postsilicon smart devices

“…94 The basic procedure to fabricate the IP 2 Cs requires to rough the film by sandblasting, to have a better mechanical adhesion of the organic conductor on Nafion V R film, and to apply over both sides of the membrane the PEDOT:PSS by the drop-casting technique. The membranes are then dried by heating them at 60 C for 2 h.…”

A case of spontaneous multivessel coronary artery dissection presenting with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular tachycardia

“…Regarding the drop casting, commercial formulations of a conducting polymer based on poly(3,4‐ethylendioxytiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were used (see Table 2). 94 The basic procedure to fabricate the IP 2 Cs requires to rough the film by sandblasting, to have a better mechanical adhesion of the organic conductor on Nafion® film, and to apply over both sides of the membrane the PEDOT:PSS by the drop‐casting technique. The membranes are then dried by heating them at 60 °C for 2 h.…”

“…As described above model proposed in Refs 98 was a rough approximation to describe the distributed nature of IPMC actuators.…”

Validation of IP²C devices as touch sensors

“…Detailed description of the structure of IPMCs as well as the phisical background and their working principles can be found in several works in literature. Among them, some relevant aspects are addressed in [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10].…”