A study on prediction of end-of-utterance by prosodic features and phrase-dependency structure in spontaneous speech

Abstract

This study is aimed at predicting the end of utterance by prosodic features and syntactic structure for spontaneous speech. In spontaneous everyday conversation, participants must predict the ends of utterances of a speaker to perform smooth turn-taking. We consider that they utilize not only syntactic factors but also prosodic factors for the end-of-utterance prediction because of the difficulty of prediction of a syntactic completion point in spontaneous Japanese speech. In previous studies, it was observed that prosodic factors changed such that the general fundamental frequency of utterance declined gradually toward the end of an utterance, and the intensity decreased significantly in the final accentual phrase. However, it is not clear what prosodic features support the prediction. We focused on dependency structure among bunsetsu-phrases as the syntactic factor and investigated the relation between the phrase-dependency and prosodic features based on a spontaneous Japanese conversation corpus. The results showed that the average fundamental frequency and the average intensity for accentual phrases did not decline until the modified phrase appeared. This suggests the possibility that prosodic changes and phrase-dependency relations inform the hearer that the utterance is approaching its end.