A study on the collapse characteristics of loess based on energy spectrum superposition method

Zhang, Xiaozhou; Li, Xin; Lu, Yangchun; Lu, Yudong; Fan, Wen

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18643

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Loess features a unique structure where clay-size particles coat silt grains and gather at quartz contacts, resulting in high porosity and macroscopic pores. Its soil properties are influenced by microstructure, making it prone to collapse and sliding when wet [36,37]. Both these soil types exhibit weak bonding and low compressive strength, which contribute to the basin's susceptibility to significant soil erosion [38].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Gully Networks Extraction Based on InSAR Refined Digital Elevation Model and Relative Elevation Algorithm—A Case Study in Huangfuchuan Basin, Northern Loess Plateau, China

Lu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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The time-effective mapping of erosion gullies is crucial for monitoring and early detection of developing erosional progression. However, current methods face challenges in obtaining large-scale erosion gully networks rapidly due to limitations in data availability and computational complexity. This study developed a rapid method for extracting erosion gully networks by integrating interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and the relative elevation algorithm (REA) within the Huangfuchuan Basin, a case basin in the northern Loess Plateau, China. Validation in the study area demonstrated that the proposed method achieved an F1 score of 81.94%, representing a 9.77% improvement over that of the reference ASTER GDEM. The method successfully detected small reliefs of erosion gullies using the InSAR-refined DEM. The accuracy of extraction varied depending on the characteristics of the gullies in different locations. The F1 score showed a positive correlation with gully depth (R2 = 0.62), while the fragmented gully heads presented a higher potential of being missed due to the resolution effect. The extraction results provided insights into the erosion gully networks in the case study area. A total of approximately 28,000 gullies were identified, exhibiting pinnate and trellis patterns. Most of the gullies had notable intersecting angles exceeding 60°. The basin’s average depth was 64 m, with the deepest gully being 140 m deep. Surface fragmentation indicated moderate erosive activity, with the southeastern loess region showing more severe erosion than the Pisha sandstone-dominated central and northwestern regions. The method described in this study offers a rapid approach to map gullies, streamlining the workflow of erosion gully extraction and enabling efficiently targeted interventions for erosion control efforts. Its practical applicability and potential to leverage open-source data make it accessible for broader application in similar regions facing erosion challenges.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Gully Networks Extraction Based on InSAR Refined Digital Elevation Model and Relative Elevation Algorithm—A Case Study in Huangfuchuan Basin, Northern Loess Plateau, China

Lu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…The process of heat transfer in loess affects the hydro-ecological process of the whole loess area. Malan loess is closer to the surface and is greatly affected by climate change, so the process of heat transfer in Malan loess becomes very complicated [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pore structure of Malan loess is a hot issue in the study of pore heat transfer in Malan loess. With the application of photoelectric microscopy, image processing, and X-ray diffraction, the morphological characteristics of pores as well as particle skeleton in Malan loess can be extracted [9]. With the development of X-ray computed tomography (CT), it has made new progress in the study of the three-dimensional structure of loess by virtue of nondestructive, quantitative, and repeatable observation [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Study on Solving Large Pore Heat Transfer Simulation in Malan Loess Based on Volume Averaging Method Combined with CT Scan Images

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Malan loess is a wind-formed sediment in arid and semi-arid regions and is an important constituent of the Earth’s critical zone. Therefore, the study of the relationship between microstructure and heat transfer in Malan loess is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the heat transfer mechanism and the accurate prediction of the heat transfer properties of intact loess. In order to quantitatively characterize the heat transfer processes in the two-phase medium of solid particles and gas pores in the intact loess, this study used modern computed tomography to CT scan the Malan loess in Huan County, Gansu Province, the western part of the Loess Plateau, China and used the specific yield of the intact Malan loess as the parameter basis for extracting the threshold segmentation of the large pores in the scanned images for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the connected large pores. An experimental space for heat conduction of intact Malan loess was constructed, and the surface temperature of Malan loess was measured on the surface of the space with a thermal imager. The simulation of the heat conduction process was carried out using the solution program in AVIZO (2019) software using the volume averaging method combined with CT scanning to reconstruct the 3D pores. The experiments of heat conduction in the intact Malan loess showed that for a given external temperature pressure, the temperature decreases along the heat flow direction as a whole. The temperature of the pores in the normal plane along the heat flow direction is higher than the temperature of the solid skeleton. Abnormal temperature points were formed at the junction of the surface and internal pores of Maran loess, and the temperature of the jointed macropores was about 1 °C higher at the surface of the sample than that of the surrounding solid skeleton. Simulation of heat conduction in Malan loess showed that the heat transfer process in Malan loess was preferentially conducted along the large pores and then the heat was transferred to the surrounding Malan loess particle skeleton. The simulation results of heat conduction in Malan loess were in high agreement with the experimental results of heat conduction in Malan loess, which verifies the reliability of the calculated model.

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“…Fundamentally, loess has a metastable structure of loose porosity, developed columnar joints, and weak cementation [6,8,[13][14][15][16], showing collapsibility [17][18][19], water sensitivity [20], and other special physical, mechanical, and hydraulic properties [20][21][22][23]. As a result, the loess develops a variety of voids from tens of meters to a few microns, including sinkholes, joints, hydro-chemical potential corrosion caves, large-scale decay root channels, soil animal channels, earthworms tunnels, ant holes, macropores, micro-fissures, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seepage Evolution Characteristics in Undisturbed Loess under Dynamic Preferential Flow: New Insights from X-ray Computed Tomography

Li,

et al. 2023

Water

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Preferential flow is widely developed in varieties of voids (such as macropores and fissures) in loess areas, affecting slope hydrology and stability and even leading to geological disasters. However, the model of seepage evolution with dynamic preferential flow is not clear, which obstructs the disclosure of the mechanism of landslides induced by the preferential flow. This study aimed to capture the seepage and occurrence status of water in loess voids, explain the variability characteristics of the loess pore structure, and reveal the seepage evolution model of dynamic preferential flow. Preferential infiltration experiments were conducted by combining X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) nondestructive detection with contrast techniques under dynamic seepage conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) visualized reconstruction, digital image correlation (DIC), image processing, and quantitative analyses were performed in AVIZO 2019.1, including two-dimensional (2D) and 3D characteristics of preferential flow distribution and macropore changing, dynamic variation of the porosity, pore number, volume, dip angle, and connectivity. Results showed that (1) preferential flow exists under saturated and unsaturated conditions in loess with strong uniformity and anisotropy; (2) preferential flow not only migrates into existing connected macropores, but also connects the original isolated pores into channels and forms larger percolation groups of contrast medium under the gradually increased high pressure; (3) the seepage develops with the evolution model of ‘preferential flow–piston flow–preferential piston mixture flow–piston flow’ in the dynamic process. The new insights into the characteristics of the seepage evolution in undisturbed loess under dynamic preferential flow will enrich the understanding of loess seepage and provided an important reference for future research on the slope instability of the loess induced by preferential flow.

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A study on the collapse characteristics of loess based on energy spectrum superposition method

Cited by 3 publications

References 41 publications

Erosion Gully Networks Extraction Based on InSAR Refined Digital Elevation Model and Relative Elevation Algorithm—A Case Study in Huangfuchuan Basin, Northern Loess Plateau, China

Erosion Gully Networks Extraction Based on InSAR Refined Digital Elevation Model and Relative Elevation Algorithm—A Case Study in Huangfuchuan Basin, Northern Loess Plateau, China

The Study on Solving Large Pore Heat Transfer Simulation in Malan Loess Based on Volume Averaging Method Combined with CT Scan Images

The Seepage Evolution Characteristics in Undisturbed Loess under Dynamic Preferential Flow: New Insights from X-ray Computed Tomography

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